2012年高等教育自学考试英语(二)考前密押试卷(1)

We hear it said frequently that what present-day men most desire is security. If that is so，then they have a wrong notion of what the real，the ultimate security is. No one who is dependent on anything outside himself，upon money，power，fame or what not(难归类的事物；难描写的事物)，is or ever can be secure. Only he who possesses himself and is content with himself is actually secure. Too much is being said about the importance of adjustment and “participation in the group. ”Even cooperation. to give this thing its most favorable designation(名称，称号；指明)，is no more important than the ability to stand alone when the choice must be made between the sacrifice of one's own integrity(正直，诚实)and adjustment to or participation in group activity.

当今美国发展最快的行业可能是对已受过高等学校教育的成人的职业继续教育。

孩子对宇宙的概念是凭他有限的经验和自己的想像而形成的。

月亮被称为卫星，因为它不仅环绕太阳，而且也围绕地球运行。

小党派或独立的候选人可能会从大党的提名人那里拉走一些选票，但几乎没有可能战胜他们。

新音乐是从已有的音乐中产生的：布鲁斯、摇滚乐、民间音乐。

Robert Browning's obscure style. of writing made his poems______(access)to many readers.

The more seriously this is sought，______(likely)positive attitudes towards leisure as well as academic work will be encouraged.

May your country______(become)prosperous and powerful.

Daydreaming is highly______(benefit)to your physical and mental well-being.

We are all______(ignore)of the reasons for her absence.

She had an outward______(appear)，but deep down she was really worried.

In the US. one experiment in nerve regeneration involves______(cut)a big nerve in a rat's leg，leaving its leg paralysed.

Young people should be______(respect)of their elders.

If only we______(have)a phone! I'm tired of waiting outside the public phone box.

准确地；精确地 ad. a_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

基本的；初级的 a. e_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Had they not been working so hard，they______(not achieve)so much.

即；也就是 ad. n_ _ _ _ _

日常工作；常规 n. r_ _ _ _ _ _

坚持；持续 v. P_ _ _ _ _ _

有关的；担心的 a. c_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

 深刻的；深奥的 a. P_ _ _ _ _ _ _

承担；从事 v. u_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

提高；增强 v. e_ _ _ _ _ _

无责任感的；不负责的 a. i_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

 似是而非的观点 n. P_ _ _ _ _ _

经济；节约 n. e_ _ _ _ _ _

秘书；书记；部长 n. s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

放松；休养 n. r_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

尽管；任凭 prep. d_ _ _ _ _ _

特定的；具体的 a. s_ _ _ _ _ _ _

发源；发生 v. o_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

标准；准则 n. c_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

(使)倒塌；(使)崩溃 v. c_ _ _ _ _ _

完成 v. a_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

The author raises issues that would most concern which of the following groups?

Where in the passage does the author compare the energy consumption of skyscrapers with that of a city?

According to the passage，what is one disadvantage of skyscrapers that have mirrored walls?

According to the passage，in the late 1960's some residents of Boston were concerned with which aspect of skyscrapers?

The passage is mainly a discussion of______.

Passage Three

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.

In the late 1960's many people in North America turned their attention to environmental problems，and new steel-and-glass skyscrapers(摩天楼)were widely criticized. Scientists pointed out that blocks of tall buildings in a city often overburdens. public transportation and parking lot capacities.

Skyscrapers are also big consumers，and wasters，of electric power. In one recent year. the addition of 17 million square feet of skyscraper office space in New York City raised the peak daily demand for electricity by 120，000 kilowatts-enough to supply the entire city of Albany，New York，for a day.

Glass-walled skyscrapers can be especially wasteful. The heat loss(or gain)through a wall of half-inch plate glass is more than ten times that through a typical brick wall filled with insulation board. To lessen the strain on heating and air-conditioning equipment，builders of skyscrapers have begun to use double-glazed(装上玻璃的)panels of glass，and reflective glasses coated with silver or gold mirror films that reduce glare as well as heat gain. However. mirror-walled skyscrapers raise the temperature of the surrounding air and affect neighboring buildings.

Skyscrapers put a severe strain on a city's sanitation(卫生)facilities，too. If fully occupied, the two World Trade Center towers in New York City would alone generate 2.25 million gallons of raw wastes each year-as much as a city the size of Stamford，Connecticut，which has a population of more than 109，000.

Skyscrapers also interfere with television reception，block bird flyways，and obstruct air traffic. In Boston in the late 1960's，some people even feared that shadows from skyscrapers would kill the grass on Boston Common.

Still，people continue to build skyscrapers for all the reasons that they have always built them-personal ambition(抱负)pride，and the desire of owners to have the largest possible amount of rentable space.

 The main purpose of the passage is to______.

Which of the following statements about the warm-blooded mammals is true according to the text?

Some animals have colored and spotted coats so that they may______.

AU of the following adaptations of living things are mentioned in the passage except that in their______.

Passage Two

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.

Certain animals and plants develop characteristics(特性)that help them cope with their environment better than others of their kind. This natural biological process is called adaptation(适应性). Among the superior characteristics developed through adaptation are those that may help in getting food or shelter，in providing protection，and in producing and protecting the young. That results in the evolution of more and more organisms that are better fitted to their environments.

Each living thing is adapted to its way of life in a general way，but each is adapted especially to its own distinct class. A plant，for example，depends upon its roots to fix itself firmly and to absorb water and inorganic chemicals. It depends upon its green leaves for using the sun's energy to make food from inorganic chemicals. These are general adaptations，common to most plants. In addition，there are special adaptations that only certain kinds of plants have. Many animals have adaptations that help them escape from their enemies. Some insects are hidden by their body color or shape，and many look like a leaf or a little branch. The coats of deer are colored to mix with the surroundings. Many animals have the ability to remain completely still when an enemy is near.

Organisms have a great variety of ways for adapting. They may adapt in their structure，function，and genetics(遗传素质)；in their development and production of the young；and in other respects. An organism may create its own environment，as do warm-blooded mammals. which have the ability to adjust body heat exactly to maintain their ideal temperature despite changing weather. Usually adaptations are an advantage，but sometimes an organism is so well adapted to a particular environment that，if conditions Change，it finds it difficult or impossible to readapt to the new conditions.

 Some plants and animals develop superior characteristics so that they may______.

If a student has a problem with classroom work，he or she should______.

What is considered to be a good student? He is the one who______.

Professors in the United States usually expect the students______.

The main idea of this passage is that students should______.

Ⅲ. Reading

Comprehension

从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。

Passage One

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.

Many teachers believe that the responsibility for learning lies with the students. If a long reading assignment is given，instructors expect students to be familiar with the information in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or give an examination. (Courses are not designed merely for students to pass exams). The ideal student is considered to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of learning，not the one interested only in getting high grades. Grade-conscious students may be frustrated with teachers who do not believe it is necessary to grade every assignment. Sometimes homework is returned with brief written comments but without a grade. Even if a grade is not given，the student is responsible for learning the material assigned.

When research is assigned，the professor expects the student to take the initiative and to complete the assignment with minimal guidance. It is the student's responsibility to find books，periodicals，and articles in the library. Professors do not have the time to explain how a university library works，they expect students，particularly graduate students，to be able to exhaust the reference sources in the library.

Professors will help students who need it，but prefer that their students not be overly dependent on them. (This differs from teacher-student relationships in other countries. )In the United States，professors have other duties besides teaching. Often they are responsible for administrative work within their departments. In addition，they may be obliged to publish articles and books. Therefore the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is limited. If a student has problems with classroom work，the student should either approach a professor during office hours or make an appointment.

 “Courses are not designed merely for students to pass exams. ”This means teachers______.

About 150 years ago，a musician sat quietly at a concert in Vienna. He was playing his new symphony. He couldn‘t (11) that the audience were clapping wildly. He was deaf. He was Beethoven，one of the greatest musicians who ever lived.

Beethoven wrote about 300 (12) of music. He wrote some of his most beautiful pieces after he became deaf. It is hard for anyone to be deaf. But it is even worse for a musician than for (13) else. Think of not being able to hear the music you have written!

A Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after being convicted ______murder，despite protests from various quarters that her guilt had not been adequately established.

The hormone cortisol，which controls salt and water excretion，is made in the morning，______the body is.

Party loyalty has declined in recent decades. but more than two-thirds of the nation's voters still identify themselves______. Democrats or Republicans.

Admire courage，whatever form. it______.

All the machines ______by the end of this month.

But they did find that who appears in a dream has a ______greater influence on mood than what occurs in the dream.

What developed was a music readily ______various forms and capable of an almost limitless range of expression.

Professor David Morton of the department is involved ______animal research and is concerned ______reducing animal suffering as much as possible.

you are not definitely accepted or ______on the spot，ask：“When may I expect to hear the results of this interview?”

These future robots，______with a sense of touch and the ability to see and make decisions. will have plenty of work to do.