外刊经贸知识选读2015年4月真题试题及答案解析（00096）

2011，dubbed (被称为) the “year of global indignation,” revealed three major social problems of the current world.First, the financial crisis has caused rising income disparities. Living standards of the middle class were severely impacted as their wealth shrank by a wide margin. Second, rapidly developing information technology and globalization have brought people together. With the help of new media and non-state actors, turmoil in one country can easily spread to other countries. Third, the unbalanced population and employment structure have aggravated social tensions. The long-term unemployment of young people has made “young malcontents (不满现状者)” a common problem of the whole world.

Passage 2

Once, when Japan faced pressure from abroad, it would either give in reluctantly or keep quiet and hope (that the fuss would die down). No longer, it seems. The Clinton administration strongly believes in exerting such pressure. Its policy is to open some Japanese markets by setting import targets—(an approach) to trade policy that supporters call “results-oriented”. This ugly term foreshadows uncertain (consequences). Far from capitulating to this new thrust of American trade policy, Japan is taking a stand that could lead to a trans-Pacific confrontation.

49、What’s the meaning of “that the fuss would die down”?

50、What is the meaning of“approach”?

51、What is the meaning of “consequences”?

Passage 1

The trouble is, many countries still think of opening their markets to more imports as a concession to be made reluctantly, not (as economists see it) as something that is good for them in its own right. Even America and the European Union, which have led the push for open markets, still shelter parts of their economics for fear of hurting workers in coddled industries.Globalization has aroused worries in many rich countries that free trade with much poorer countries threatens jobs and prosperity. This was plain in last yearns debate in the United States and Mexico, was viewed by many Americans as their loss and Mexico’s gain. The idea that trade is desirable only if it happens among countries with similar wages dies hard.

46、What do economists think of opening markets to more imports?

47、Why do America and the European Union still shelter parts of their economies?

48、How did many Americans view last year’s debate in the United States and Mexico?

行政部门

易货贸易

转让人

零售商

欧洲经济共同体

无形贸易收支

关税税率

商会

贸易逆差

franchise

对等贸易

bank guarantee

domestic agent

auction

futures

means of production

workers’ remittance

profit-remittance

leverage

The PPI is influenced by the relationship between supply and demand, while the CPI is influenced by the rising costs.

hard currency

Prices in China are no longer affected by the relationship between supply and demand, as well as the rising costs.

China will face pressure from rapid inflation in 2012 and will stabilize the economic growth speed.

The Chinese economy has slowed down in the last few years, which is bad for the macroeconomic environment.

Passage 2

China’s GDP will maintain a growth rate of about 8. 9 percent in 2012, said the annual economic blue book released by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS) on December 7. Though the growth speed is lower than in 2011, it is still a relatively high rate.Chen Jiagui, Director of the CASS Economic Department, said the Chinese economy is stable with appropriate ups and downs. A growth rate of 8—9 percent is ideal to create a good macroeconomic environment for deepening the reform, controlling inflation, adjusting the economic structure and transforming the economic growth pattern.The Chinese economy has slowed down in the last two years, arousing worries from home and abroad about the Chinese economy’s expected hard landing. Such worries are obviously unnecessary and the Chinese economy will continue to make contributions to the world economic recovery.According to the blue book, compared with 2011, the Chinese economy will face new challenges next year. China mainly faced pressure from rapid inflation in 2011, causing the task of curbing inflation to top the list of government priorities for macro-controls. But in 2012 when the economic growth will likely slow, China needs to both stabilize the economic growth speed and further curb inflation and strengthen macro-control efforts.Chen said thanks to the efforts in 2011. the rapidly growing prices have been curbed to some extent, but the main factors causing rapid price rises have remained unchanged. Today, prices in China are affected by the relationship between supply and demand, as well as the rising costs. Of the total, the producer price index (PPI) is mainly influenced by the relationship between supply and demand, while the consumer price index (CPI) is influenced by the rising costs.

21、China’s GDP will maintain a growth rate of 8. 9 percent in 2012, which is higher than in 2011.

Russian ruble depreciated the least among the largest emerging economies — BRICS countries.

Compared with most emerging market currencies, China’s yuan is still stable.

In the first nine months of 2011, all the emerging market currencies are now nearing currency crisis levels.

Spending on public works was (slashed) by 8. 1 percent to $ 56 billion in the draft budget from fiscal year 2012.

China confronted severe inflationary pressures in 2011, which endangered China’s financial status.

Passage 1

As the world’s largest trading nation, its largest exporter and second largest importer, China wields extensive influence on global trade and the world economy. China’s advantages of course lie not only in the stable foreign trade policy decided by the recently held Central Economic Work Conference, but also in the strength and resilience of a broad-based and fast-growing economy.The country’s primary advantage comes from its stable macro-economy. The Chinese economy has generally realized a soft landing following a period of extremely rapid economic growth. While China did confront severe inflationary pressures in 2011, as well as a brief drop in the value of the renminbi exchange rate, China’s financial status is the most stable of the world’s major economies and leading emerging markets. While China still faces risks related to local financing platforms and potential non-performing loans in the banking sector, the overall assets status of the Chinese banking system is still sounds and China’s rate of inflation remains lower than India’s and those of other hot emerging markets by several percentage points.Although pressure for renminbi depreciation continues to accumulate, the yuan is still stable compared with most emerging market currencies, many of which are now nearing currency crisis levels.Among the largest emerging economies—BRICS—in the first nine months of 2011, only China’s yuan appreciated by more than 3 percent in the inter-bank foreign exchange market. In the other four BRICS countries, the Russian ruble depreciated by 4. 06 percent, the Brazilian real lost 8. 01 percent of its value, while the Indian rupee and South African rand devalued by 8. 5 percent and 15. 7 percent, respectively.

China’s advantages mainly lie in the stable foreign trade policy.

While the report (took its toll on) Chinese tire-makers, it has flung open the door for European and US tire companies, many of whom had previously concentrated only on their own markets.

The 12th Five-Year Plan will see to it that the seven strategic emerging industries attract large amounts of private capital and let the real economy (flourish).

Steel (inventories) are growing in the US, partly due to a slowdown in auto manufacturing, and the trend is spawning worries of an oversupply.

The usually (bustling) streets of Tokyo are eerily empty this week, and the economy is even less vigorous than in 1995.

It was a time that China was looking for experts from home and abroad to support its (impending) entry into the WTO.

The US manufacturing beef market over the past couple of weeks has had more of a bearish (undertone), due in part to higher stocks of frozen boneless beef.

Apple gives suppliers a very low profit margin, which makes suppliers lack (incentive) and resources to improve workers’ welfare and factory environment.

The contrasts formed by China’s (surging) economy and its depressed stock market of the past few years prompted them to absorb Chinese stocks at low prices.

The two governments will sign a joint statement on establishing a strategic partnership between the two countries, which will become a guideline document for (bilateral) relations.

The summit of the Group of Eight (G8)，a bloc formed 26 years ago, apparently is becoming a (laggard) model to tackle new world challenges.

Chinese companies completed 110 overseas (merger) and acquisition deals in 2011.

The company (outbid) five other competitors, including German multinational E. ON and Brazilian power generators Eletrobras and Cemig.

China’s auto industry is switching gears despite (sluggish) sales in recent months.

The greatest risk for China this year is external, as the European debt crisis is likely to (deteriorate), causing further pains for Chinese exporters.