公共课标准课程基础阶段测试卷一（2012考研英语）

69. This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-1980, when they also almost tripled. 

70. In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics.

68. Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished.

66. What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition — if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents. 

67. This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. 

64. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term.

65. But it is hardly inevitable that companies on the Web will need to resort to push strategies to make money. 

63. It is not possible to determine whether both continents are moving in opposite directions or whether one continent is stationary and the other is drifting away from it.

61. Proper, scientific study of the impacts of dams and of the cost and benefits of controlling water can help to resolve these conflicts.

62. The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan's rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. 

60. The

• author’s attitude towards euthanasia seems to
• be that of ________.    [A] opposition    [B] suspi
• cion    [C] approval    [
• D] indifference

59. When Lloyd Nickson dies, he will ________.

[

• A] face his death with calm characteristic of euthanasia    [
• B] experien
• ce the suffering of a lung cancer patient [
• C] have an intense fear of terrible suffering    [
• D] undergo a cooling off period of seven days

58. The word “euth

• anasia” in the second paragraph most pro
• bably means ________.    [A] do
• ctors’ sympathy to
• dying patients    [B] doctors’ aggressive medical measures to dying patients    [C] doctors’ mercy killing to reduce sufferings of dying patients    [D] doctors’ well-meaning treatment to sa

57. When the

• author says that o
• bservers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling, he means ________.    [A] observers are taking a wait and see attitude towards the future of euthanasia    [B] similar bills are likely to be passed in the US,
• Cana
• da and other countries    [C] observers are waiting to see the result of the game of dominoes    [D] the effect-taking process of the passed bill may finally come to a stop

55. The best title for the p

• assage would pro
• bably be _____.    [A] Positive and Negative Aspe
• cts of A
• dvertising    [B] Benefits Brought by Advertising and Its Persuasive Function    [C] Advertising The Best Persuasive and Information Medium    [D] Advertising the Most Effective Way to Promote Pr

Text 4

It w

• as 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary de
• bates, Australia’s Northern Territory be
• came the first legal authority in the worl
• d to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive di

54. In the

• author’s opinion, ________.    [A] advertising can seldom
• bring material benefit to man by providing information    [B] advertising informs people of new ideas rather than wins them over    [
• C] there is nothing wrong with a
• dvertising in persuading the buyer    [D] the buyer is not interested in getting information from an advertisement

53. The

• author deems that the well-known TV personality is ________.    [A] very precise in passing his judgment on advertising    [
• B] interested in nothing but the buyers’ attention    [
• C] correct in telling the
• difference between persuasion and information    [D] obviously partial in his views on advertising

Text 3

Money spent on advertising is money spent as well as any I know of. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices. By drawing attention to new ideas it helps enormously to raise standards of living. By helping to increase demand it ensures an increased need for labour, and is therefore an effective way to fight unemployment. It lowers the costs of many services: without advertisements your daily newspaper would cost four times as much, the price of your television license would need to be doubled, and travel by bus or tube would cost 20 per cent more.

• And perhaps most important of all, advertising provides a guarantee of reasonable value in the products and services you buy. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a pr
• Advertising does more for the material benefit of the community than any other force I can think of.    There is one more point I feel I ought to touch on. Recently I heard a well-known television personality declare that he was a
• If its message were confined merely to information—and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the colour of a shirt is subtly persuasive— advertising would be so boring that no one

49. Which of the following st

• atements is NOT mentioned in the passage?    [A] Radical reforms are essential for the increase of productivity.    [
• B] New ways of organizing workpla
• ces may help to increase pro
• ductivity.    [C] The reduction of costs is not a sure way to gain long term profitability.    [D] The consultants are a bunch of good-for-nothings.

50.

• According to the passage, the author’s attitude towards the productivity revolutionin the U.S.A is ____. [A]
• biased    [B] optimisti
• c    [C] ambiguous    [
• D] negative

48. The

• author raises the question “what a
• bout pain without gain?” be
• cause ________.    [A] he questions the truth of “no gain without pain”    [B] he
• does not think the productivity revolution works    [C] he wonders if the official statistics are misleading    [D] he has conclusive evidence for the revival of businesses

Text 2

Well, no g

• ain without pain, they say.
• But what about pain without gain? Everywhere you go in Ameri
• ca, you hear tales of corporate revival. What is har
• der to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.    The official statistics are mildly discouraging. They show that, if you lump manufacturing and services t
• e evidence of a revival in the underlying trend. There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a “disjunction” between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics. &n

47. The offici

• al statistics on productivity growth ________.    [A] exclude the usual re
• bound in a business
• cycle    [B] fall short of businessmen’s anticipation    [C] meet the expectation of business people    [
• D] fail to reflect the true state of economy

44. St

• arting from 22, ________.    [A] one will o
• btain more basi
• c rights    [B] the ol
• der one becomes, the more basic rights he will have    [C] one won’t get more basic rights than when he is 21    [D] one will enjoy more rights granted by society

45. 

• According to the passage, it is true that ________.    [A] in the late 19th century in the United States the dividing line
• between adoles
• cence an
• d adulthood no longer existed    [B] no one can marry without the permission of his parents until the age of twenty-one    [C] one is considered to have reached adulthood when he has a driver’s license &nb

42. Former soci

• al ceremonies that used to mark adolescence have given place to ________.    [A] graduations from schools and colleges    [
• B] so
• cial recognition    [C] socio-economic status    [
• D] certain behavioral changes

43. No one c

• an expect to fully enjoy the adulthood privileges until he is ________.    [A] eleven years old    [
• B] sixteen years old    [
• C] twenty-one years ol
• d    [D] between twelve and twenty-one years old

Text 1

The period of

• adolescence, i.e., the period
• between
• chil
• dhood and adulthood, may be long or short, depending on social expectations and on society’s definition as to what constitutes maturity and adulthood. In primitive societies adolescence is frequently a relatively short period of time, while in industrial
• hange in a given society as social and economic conditions change. Examples of this type of change are the disappearance of the frontier in the latter part of the nineteenth century in the United States, and more universally, the industrialization of an&n
• In modern society, ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance and there no longer is agreement as to what constitutes initiation ceremonies. Social ones have been replaced by a sequence of steps that lead 
• ghts; the young man can now be a soldier, but he also can marry without parental permission. At the age of twenty-one the individual obtains his full legal rights as an adult. He now can vote, he can buy liquor, he can enter into financial contracts,

39.

[

• A] access&n
• bsp;    [B] assess    [
• C] process    [
• D] possess

40.

[

• A] resolving    [
• B] saluting    [
• C]
• dissolving     [D] solving

38.

[

• A] illuminate    [
• B] enun
• ciate    [C] enumerate    [
• D] initiate

36.

[

• A] why    [
• B] when    [
• C] while    [
• D] where

37.

[

• A] sound&n
• bsp;    [B] all-round     [
• C] entire    [
• D] whole

34.

[

• A] acquire    [
• B] a
• chieve    [C] obtain     [
• D] fulfill

35.

[

• A] respond    [
• B] return    [
• C] retort    [
• D] reply

32.

[

• A] tolerate    [
• B] sustain     [
• C] experience    [
• D] undertake

33.

[

• A] evidence    [
• B] a
• cci
• dents     [C] adventures     [D] events

31.

[

• A] occur&n
• bsp;    [B] engage     [
• C] confront    [
• D] encounter

29.

[

• A] assessment    [
• B] de
• cision    [C]
• determination    [D] assistance

30.

[

• A] ideality    [
• B] realization     [
• C] realism     [
• D] reality

28.

[

• A] on    [
• B] from    [
• C] at    [
• D] about

27.

[

• A] a
• ble better to     [B] able to better    [
• C] better to able    [
• D] better able to

25.

[

• A] intellectual    [
• B] sensual     [
• C] spiritual    [
• D] mental

26.

[

• A] to
• be doing    [B] with doing     [
• C] to
• do    [D] of doing

24.

[

• A] signify&n
• bsp;    [B] influen
• ce     [C] pre
• dict     [D] mark

23.

[

• A] on&n
• bsp;    [B] at    [
• C] to    [
• D] with

22.

[

• A] normally    [
• B] generally    [
• C] virtually    [
• D] necessarily

20. Ch

• anges in the social structure may indirectly _____ juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that lead to fewer jo
• b opportunities for youth and rising unemployment in general make gainful employment in
• creasingly
• difficult to obtain.    [A] affect    [B] reduce     [C] check    [D] reflect

He

• alth implies more&n
• bsp;than physi
• cal fitness. It also implies mental an
• d emotional well-being. An angry, frustrated, emotionally21person in good physical condition is not22healthy. Mental health, therefore, has much to do23how a person copes with the world as s/he exists. Many of the factors that24physical health also a
• Having a good self-image means that people have positive25pictures and good, positive feelings about themselves, about what they are capable26, and about the roles they play. People with good self-images like themselves, and they are27like others. Having

18. It soon becomes cle

• ar that the interior designer’s most important
• basi
• c _____ is the function of the particular space. For example, a theater with poor sight lines, poor soun
• d-shaping qualities, and too few entries and exits will not work for its purpose, no matter how beautifully it might be decorated.    [A] care     [B] concern    [C] attention &nbs

19. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more mysterious. The new experiments, such

• as those _____ for&n
• bsp;the first time at a re
• cent meeting or the society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations for the purpose of non-REM sleep.    [A] maintaine
• d     [B] described     [C] settled     [D] afforded

16. Estim

• ates _____ anywhere from 600 000 to 3 million. Although the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another mater: that the num
• ber of the homeless is in
• creasing. One of the fe
• deral government’s studies predicts that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.    [A] cover    [B] change    [C] differ    &n

17.

• As time went
• by,
• computers became smaller an
• d more powerful, and they became “personal” too, as well as institutional, with display becoming sharper and storage _____ increasing.    [A] ability     [B] capability    [C] capacity&

15. The government will _____

• a reform. in the educational system.    [A] initiate    [
• B] initial    [
• C] initiative     [
• D] intimate

13. CCTV progr

• ams are _____
• by satellite to the remotest areas in the
• country.    [A] transferre
• d    [B] transported    [C] transformed    [D] transmitted

14.

• An energy tax would cur
• b ordinary air pollution, limit oil imports and
• cut the bu
• dget _____.    [A] disposition     [B] deficit    [C] defect    [D] discrepancy

12. Brit

• ain has the highest _____ of road traffic in the world—over 60 cars for every mile of road.    [A] density    [
• B] intensity     [
• C] popularity    [
• D] prosperity

11. He soon received promotion, for his superiors re

• alized that he was a man of considera
• ble _____.    [A] future    [B] possibility    [
• C] ability     [
• D] opportunity

9. The security gu

• ard _____ two men who were yelling in the courtroom.    [A] expelled&n
• bsp;    [B] propelled    [
• C] repelle
• d    [D] dispelled

10. In most c

• ases politicians are _____ as they seldom tell the truth.    [A] credi
• ble    [B]
• cre
• dulous    [C] incredulous     [D] incredible

8. Th

• at sound doesn’t _____ in his language so it’s difficult for him to pronounce.    [A] happen    [
• B] take pla
• ce     [C] occur    [
• D] run

6. This diplom

• a _____ that you have completed high school.    [A] proves&n
• bsp;    [B]
• certifies    [C] secures    [
• D] approves

7. Up until th

• at time, his interest had focused almost _____ on fully mastering the skills and techniques of his craft.    [A] restrictively    [
• B] radi
• cally     [C] inclusively     [
• D] exclusively

4. We h

• ave&n
• bsp;                  the system of exploitation of man by man.    [A]
• cancelle
• d     [B] abolished    [C] refused    [D] rejected

5. We sh

• all pro
• bably never be able to _____ the exa
• ct nature of these sub-atomic particles.    [A] assert    [B] impart     [C] ascertain     [
• D] notify

3. Under the _____ confronting them it w

• as impossi
• ble to
• continue the strike any longer.    [A] surroun
• dings    [B] settings    [C] circumstances    [D] environments

2. By turning this knob to the right you c

• an _____ the sound from this radio.    [A] amplify    [
• B] enlarge     [
• C] magnify    [
• D] reinforce

1.

• A variety of small clu
• bs
• can provi
• de _____ opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful group dynamics.    [A] durable    [B] excessive    [C] surplus    [D] multiple