2013年考研《英语》(一)终极突破卷四

_______

_______

_______

根据以下资料，回答下列各题：

Spain’s government is now championing a cause called“right to be forgotten”．(46)It has ordered Google to stop indexing information about 90 citizenswhofi led for malcom plaints with its Data Protection the Agency．All 90 people wanted information deleted from the Web． Among them was a victim of domestic violence who discovered that her address could easily be found through Google．Another，well into middle age now，thought it was unfair that a few computer key strokes could unearth an account of her arrest in her college days．

(47)-They might not-have received much of a hearing in the United States，where Google一 is based and where courts have consistently found that the right to publish the truth about someone's past supersede sany right to privacy．But here，as elsewhere in Europe，an idea has taken hold--individuals should have a“right to be forgotten”on the Web．

(48)In fact,the phrase "right to be forgotten" is being usedt0coverabatchofissues,ranging from those in the Spanish case to the behavior. of companies seeking to．Make money from privat einfor mation that can becolle ctedoil the Web.

(49)Spain's Data Protection Agency believes that searchengines havealteredtheprocess by which most data ends up for gotten and there for eadjustments need to be made．The deputy dlrector of the agency，Jesfis Rubi，pointed to the official government gazette(公报)，which used to publish every weekday，including bankruptcy auctions，official pardons．And who passed the civil service exams．Usually 220 pages of fine print．it quickly ended up gathering dust on various backroom shelves．The information was still there．but not easily accessible .Then two years ago，the 350 yearold publication went online．making it possible for embarrassing information--no matter how oldto be obtained easily．

The publisher of the government publication， Fernando P6rez， said it was meant to foster transparency．Lists of scholarship winners，for instance，make it hard for the government officials to steer all the money to their own children．“But maybe．”he said,“there is information that has a life cycle and only has value for a certain time."

Many Europeans are broadly uncomfortable with the way personal information is found by search engines and used for commerce．When ads pop up on one’S screen．clearly linked to Subjects that are of interest to him，one may find it Orwellian．A recent poll conducted by the European Union found that most Europeans agree．Three out of four said they were worried about how Internet companies used their information and wanted the right to delete personal data at any time．Ninety percent wanted the European Union to take action on the right to be forgotten．

(50)Experts say that Google and other search engines see some of these court cases as an assault on a principle of law already established--that search engines are essentially not responsible for the information they corral from the Web．And hope the Spanish court agrees．The companies believe if there are orivacy issues，the complainants should address those who posted the material on the Web．But some experts in Europe believe that search engines should probably be reined in．“They are the ones that are spreading the word．Without them 110 0ne would find these things．”

_______

_______

Directions：

Suppose that you are an English major and one of your classmates wants to choose a book to learn English letter writing．Write a letter in about l00 words to make a suggestion to him／her．

1) Give your suggestions，and explain the reasons．

2)Other recommendation．

You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2．Write it neatly on the ANSWER SHEET．

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter．Use“Zhang Wei”instead．

Do not write your address．(10 points)

Directions：

Write an essay of l60—200 words based on the following drawing．In your essay，

you should

1)describe the drawing briefly，

2)explain its intended meaning，and then

3)give your comments．

You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET．(20 points)

______

______

根据以下资料，回答下列各题：

Directions：

In the following text，some sentences have been removed．For Questions 41—45．choose the most suitable one from the list A．G to fit into each of the numbered blanks.There are two extra choices，which do not fit in any of the blanks．Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET．(10 points)

The word“downplay”in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to______ ．

Generally speaking，the author’s attitude toward anti-obesity programs is______．

The survey conducted by theC．S．Mott Children’S Hospital National Poll on Children，sHealth indicates that______．

We know from Paragraph 2 that the major concern of the author is that_______．

The best title for this passage perhaps is_______．

It can be inferred from Paragraph 4 that people with craziness personality_______．

Why George W．Bush is called as“middle of the road in his personality traits”?

根据以下资料，回答下列各题：

By now，the 2012 Republican presidential contenders have all been tattooed by the opposition，branded as boring，damaged，or even insane．The entire GOP(共和党的别称)is “mad，”as The New Republic recently put it，and the party’s White House hopefuls display what The New Yorker calls“crackles of craziness．”This kind of talk flows both ways．Of course．But what if the big problem with Washington--isn’t nuttiness so much as a lack of it?

That’s one takeaway from A First—Rate Madness，a new book of psychiatric case studies by Nassir Ghaemi，director of the Mood Disorders Program at Tufts Medical Center．He argues that what sets apart the world’s great leaders isn’t some splendidly healthy mind but an exceptionally broken one，coupled with the good luck to lead when extremity is needed． “Our greatest crisis leaders toil in sadness when society is happy．”writes Ghaemi．“Yet when calamity occurs，if they are in a position to act，they can lift up the rest of us．”

If so，then what we need for these calamitous times is a calamitous mind，a madman in chief，someone whose abnormal brain can solve our abnormal problems．Perhaps the nicotine—free．no—drama Obama won’t do after all．The good doctor isn’t saying that all mental illness is a blessing．Only that the common diseases of the mind--mania，depression，and related quirks--shouldn’t disqualify one from the upper stairs of public life，and for a simple reason：they are remarkably consistent predictors of brilliant success．

Depression in all its forms(which Ghaemi finds in Abraham Lincoln and the mildly

bipolar Churchill)brings suffering，which makes one more clear—eyed，fit to recognize the world’s problems，and able to face them down like the noonday demon．Madness in all its forms(which Ghaemi detects in FDR and JFK)brings resilience，which helps one learn from failure，often with enough creativity to make a new start．Most originally，Ghaemi coins“the inverse law of sanity”：the perils of well—being．It’s why the poor，sane Neville Chamberlain chummed around with Nazi leaders while Churchill’s“black do9”foresaw a fight．

In Ghaemi’s view，even our supposedly crazy leaders were too sane for their times，and the nation suffered．When Richard Nixon faced the Watergate crisis．“he handled it the way an average normal person would handle it：he lied，and he dug in，and he fought．”Similarly，George W．Bush was“middle of the road in his personality traits．”which is why his response to the September 11 attacks was simplistic，unwavering，and，above all，“normal．”

So should we bring on the crazy in 2012 ? At the very least，we should rethink our definitions and stop assuming that normality is always good，and abnormality always bad．If Ghaemi is right，that is far too simplistic and stigmatizing，akin to excluding people by race or religion--only possibly worse because excellence can clearly spring from the unwell，and mediocrity from the healthy．The challenge is getting voters to think this way，too．It won’t do to have candidates shaking Prozac bottles(一种治疗抑郁症的药物)from the podium，unless the public is ready to reward them for it．Amid multiple wars and lingering recession．maybe that time is now．

The links between mental illness and successful leadership in this passage is drawnfrom_______．

One possible way to reduce discrimination lawsuit cost is_______．

The result of the study mentioned in Paragraph 4 demonstrates that_______．

In the author’S opinion，to legislate protection for the ugly is_______．

根据以下资料，回答下列各题：

Being good-looking is useful in so many ways．In addition to whatever personal pleasure it gives you，being attractive also helps you earn more money，find a higher—earning spouse and get better deals on mortgages．Each of these facts has been demonstrated over the past 20 years by many economists and other researchers．The effects are not small：one study showed that an American worker who was among the bottom one—seventh in looks，as assessed by randomly chosen observers，earned lo t0 15 percent less per year than a similar worker whose looks were assessed in the top one—third—a lifetime difference，in a typical case，of about$230，000．

Most of us．regardless of our professed attitudes，prefer as customers to buy from better-looking salespeople，as jurors to listen to better-looking attorneys，as voters to be led by better-looking politicians.as students to learn from better-looking professors．This is not amatter of evil employers’refusing to hire the ugly：in our roles as workers，customers and potential lovers we are all responsible for these effects．

How could we remedy this injustice?A radical solution may be needed：why not offer legal protections to the ugly，as we do with racial，ethnic and religious minorities，women and handicapped individuals?We actually already do offer such protections in a few places，including in some jurisdictions in California，and in the District of Columbia，where discriminatory treatment based on looks in hiring，promotions，housing and other areas is Drohibited．The mechanics of legislating this kind of protection are not as difficult as you might think．Ugliness could be protected generally in the United States by small extensions of the Americans With Disabilities Act．Ugly people could be allowed to seek help from the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and other agencies in overcoming the effects of discrimination．

You might argue that people can’t be classified by their looks——that beauty is in the eye of the beholder．In one study，more than half of a group of people were assessed identically by each of two observers using a five．point scale；and very few assessments differed by more than one point．

There are possible other oNections．“Ugliness”is not a personal trait that many people choose to embrace；those whom we classify as protected might not be willing to admit that they are ugly．But with the chance of obtaining extra pay and promotions amounting to $230．000 in lost lifetime earnings．there’s a large enough incentive to do S0．Bringing anti—discrimination lawsuits is also costly，and few potential plaintiffs could afford to do so．But many attorneys would be willing to organize classes of plaintiffs to overcome these costs，just as they now do in racial．discrimination and other lawsuits．

Economic arguments for protecting the ugly are as strong as those for protecting some groupscurrently covered by legislation．So why not go ahead and expand protection to the looks—challenged?There’s one legitimate concern．with increasingly tight limits on government resources，expanding rights to yet another protected group would reduce protection for groups that have commanded Our legislative and other attention for over 50 years．You might reasonably disagree and argue for protecting all deserving groups．Either way，you shouldn’t be surprised to see theUnited States heading toward this new legal frontier．

The main idea of the first paragraph is that_______．

According to Paragraph 2，who should be responsible for the discrimination against badlooking people in the workplace?

It can be inferred from the last two paragraphs that_______.

The phrase“pandering to”in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to_______.

The tone the author adopts in describing the sufferings of the rich in Paragraph 3is ______ ．

In the author’s opinion，“When you got nothing，you got nothing to lose”is______．

根据以下资料，回答下列各题：

根据以下资料，回答下列各题：