2014年考研《英语》考前预测试卷(二)

Part B

52. Directions:

A) Title: Unemployment

B) Your composition should be based on the Outline given in Chinese below:

1. 下网被视为目前中国面临的头号问题。

2. 政府已采取了一系列措施来解决这一问题。

3. 随着政府和社会的共同努力，我们相信一定能解决下网问题。

You should write about 160 -200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET Ⅱ.

49.__________________________

50.__________________________

Part A

51. Directions:

You are preparing to ask for some help from your teacher, write a letter that:

1) detail what you want him or she does for you,

2) express your thanks to your teacher,

You should write about i00 words on ANSWER SHEET II. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. You do not need to write the address.

48.__________________________

47.__________________________

Part C

Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET Ⅱ.

46) Economic growth involves increases over time in the volume of a country's per capita gross national product (GNP) of goads and services. Such continuing increases can raise average living standards substantially and provide a stronger base for other policy objectives. 47) It is only in the last two centuries that continued growth in living standards has been realized for a number of now—developed countries, and this process has broadened in the 20th century to include a number of developing countries. 48) However, the fairly steady expansion in the third quarter of the 20th century gave way to a period of slower and more erratic growth for both- high-and low-income countries, while some of the economically poorest countries were thus far unable to establish a serf-sustaining pattern of development. It also became increasingly evident that there were serious environmental problems associated with some types of growth in production. In examining the record of economic growth and development, economists offer some explanations for the changes involved, and the attempts by governments to plan these changes. Five major issues are involved.

The first is why economic growth occurs more quickly in some countries and periods than in others. It is the increase in the size and quality of the factors of production that underlies growth, but certain forces deserve special attention. A variety of models of economic growth give expression to the understanding of these forces. Increasing attention has been paid in these models and in policy to the international aspects of growth. This trend is partly a reflection of the growing internationalization of economic activity. It also reflects a number of potentially destabilizing changes in the international economy that became evident during the 1970s.

49) A second issue is the challenges facing the low-income countries, namely, to move from subsistence levels of per capita income to a level that would generate self-sustaining growth and also to reduce the gap between themselves and the higher-income countries. A third issue, productivity, is central to changes in living standards and to-the analysis of international competitiveness.

A fourth major issue is the attempt to maintain growth and increase development through economic planning. 50)Planning became a widespread phenomenon during and just after World War Ⅱ and was given further emphasis in many newly independent countries that were industrializing. Beginning in the 1970s the emphasis shifted to more decentralized planning, with deregulation and privatization of industry as two aspects of this process.

Underlying economic growth and planning is a fifth issue, the attempt to predict economic activity. Modern forecasting involves a variety of computer-based techniques at the level of the firm, the country, and the international economy. The accuracy of forecasting has been reduced by increased uncertainty in the global and national economies since the early 1970s.

46.__________________________

44._______________

• 正确
• 错误

P

• art
• B
• Dire
• ctions: In the following article, some sentences have been remove
• d. For Questions41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ.    The Revolutionary W

43._______________

• 正确
• 错误

38. According to the passage, one important change in United States education by the 1920's was that ______.

• A) most places required children to attend
• B) the amount of time spent on formal education was limited
• C) new regulations were imposed on nontraditional education
• D) adults and children studied in the same classes

39. Vacation schools and extracurricular activities are mentioned in Para. 2 to illustrate alternatives to formal education pro- vided ______ by public schools.

• A) the importance of educational changes        
• B) activities that competed to attract new
• C) immigrants to their programs                 
• D) the increased impact of public schools on students

40. According to the passage, early-twentieth-century education reformers believed that ______.

• A) different groups needed different kinds of education
• B) special programs Should be set up in frontier communities to modernize them
• C) corporations and other organizations damaged educational progress
• D) more women should be involved in education and industry

Text 4

• As the twentieth century began, the importance of formal education in the United States increased. The frontier had mostly disappeared and by 1910 most Americans lived in towns and cities. Industrialization and the bureaucratization of economic life combi
• Although looking after the house and family was familiar to immigrant women. American education gave homemaking a new definition. In preindustrial economies, homemaking had meant the production as well as the consumption of goods, and it commonly included
• A) the growing number of schools in frontier communities
• B) an increase in the number of trained teachers
• C) the expanding economic problems of schools
• D) the increased urbanization of the entire country

37. The phrase "coincided with" in the first sentence of Para. 2 is closest in meaning to ______.

• A) was influenced by                          
• B) happened at the same time as
• C) began to grow rapidly                     
• D) ensured the success of

35. What should a driver do when ascending?

• A) Rise slowly.       
• B) Breathe faster.     
• C) Relax completely. 
• D) Breathe helium.

34. It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following presents the greatest danger to diver?

• A) Pressurized helium.                       
• B) Nitrogen diffusion.
• C) Nitrogen bubbles.                        
• D) An air embolism.

Text 3

Under certain circumstances, the human body must cope with gases at greater-than-normal atmospheric pressure. For example, gas pressures increase rapidly during a dive made with scuba gear because the breathing equipment allows divers to stay underwater longer and dive deeper.

The pressure exerted on the human body increases by 1 atmosphere for every 10 meters of depth in seawater, so that at 30 meters in seawater a diver is exposed to a pressure of about 4 atmospheres. The pressure of the gases being breathed must equal the external pressure applied to the body, otherwise breathing is very difficult. Therefore all of the gases in the air breathed by a scuba diver at 40 meters are present at five times their usual pressure. Nitrogen, which composes 80 per cent of the air we breathe, usually causes a balmy feeling of well-being at this pressure. At a depth of 5 atmospheres, nitrogen causes symptoms resembling alcohol intoxication, known as nitrogen narcosis. Nitrogen narcosis apparently results from a direct effect on the brain of the large amounts of nitrogen cause under these pressurized helium does not exert a similar narcotic effect.

• As a scuba diver descends, the pressure of nitrogen in the lungs increases. Nitrogen then diffuses from the lungs to the blood, and from the blood to body tissues. The reverse occurs when the diver surfaces; the nitrogen pressure in the lungs falls and th
• Another complication may result if the breath is held during ascent. During ascent from a depth of 10 meters, the volume of air in the lungs will double because the air pressure at the surface is only half of what it was at 10 meters. This change in volum
• A) The equipment divers use.
• B) The effects of pressure on gases in the human body.
• C) How to prepare for a deep dive.
• D) The symptoms of nitrogen bubbles in the bloodstream.

33. What happens to nitrogen in body tissues if a diver ascends too quickly?

• A) It forms bubbles.                           
• B) It goes directly to the brain.
• C) It is reabsorbed by the lungs.               
• D) It has a narcotic effect.

32. The word "diffuses" in Para. 3 is closest in meaning to ______.

• A) yields             
• B) starts              
• C) surfaces         
• D) travels

30. In the last paragraph, "play down their visibility" refers to ______.

• A) show off           
• B) be very modest     
• C) not show themselves   
• D) to debase themselves

29. The best title for this passage would be ______.

• A) The Importance of Being Visible  
• B) Role of Women and Minorities in Management
• C) Job Performance and Advancement
• D) Sex and Career Success

27. To achieve success in your career, the most important factor, according to the passage, is to ______.

• A) work as a consultant to your superiors 
• B) project a favorable image to the people around you
• C) let your superiors know how good you are 
• D) perform. well your tasks given by your superiors

Text 2

The more women and minorities make their way into the ranks of management, the more they seem to want to talk a bout things formerly judged to be best left unsaid. The newcomers also tend to see office matters with a fresh eye, in the process sometimes coming up with critical analyses of the forces that shape everyone' s experience in the organization.

Consider the novel views of Harvey Coleman of Atlanta on the subject of getting ahead.

Coleman is black. He spent 11 years with IBM, half of them working in management department, and now serves as a consultant to the likes of AT & T, Coca Cola, Prudential, and Merch. Coleman says that based on what he's seen at big companies, he weighs the different elements that make for long term career success as follows: performance counts a mere 10%; image 30%; and exposure, a full 60%.

Coleman concludes that excellent job performance is so common these days that while doing your work well may win you pay increases, it won't secure you the big promotion.

He finds that advancement more often depends on how many people know you and your work, and how high up they are. Ridiculous beliefs? Not too many people, especially many women and members of minority races who, like Coleman, feel that the scales have dropped from their eyes.

"Women and blacks in organizations work under false beliefs, "says Kaleel Jamison, a New York based management consultant who helps corporations deal with these issues. "They think that if you work hard, you' 11 get ahead that someone in authority will reach down and give you a promotion." She added, "Most women and blacks are so frightened that people will think they've gotten ahead because of their sex or color that they play down their visibility." Her advice to those folks: learn the ways that white males have traditionally used to find their way into the spotlight.

26. According to the passage, "things formerly judged to be best left unsaid" (Para. 1) probably refers to"______".

• A) the opinions which contradict the established beliefs
• B) criticisms that shape everyone's experience
• C)the tendencies that help the newcomers to see office matters with a fresh eye
• D) the ideas which usually come up with new ways of management in the organization

28. The reason why women and blacks play down their visibility is that they ______.

• A) know that someone in authority will reach down and give them a promotion
• B) don't want people to think that their promotions were due to sex or color
• C) don't want to give people the impression that they work under false beliefs
• D) believe they can get promoted by reason of their sex or color

24. Which of the following best defines the word "aggressive" ( Line 3, Paragraph 6) ?

• A) Bold.
• B) Harmful. 
• C) Careless.
• D) Desperate.

25. George Annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they ______.

• A) manage their patients incompetently
• B) give patients more medicine than needed
• C ) reduce drug dosages for their patients 
• D) prolong the needless suffering of the patients

23. According to the NAS's report, one of the problems in end-of-life care is ______.

• A) prolonged medical procedures
• B) inadequate treatment of pain
• C) systematic drug abuse  
• D) insufficient hospital care

22. Which of the following statements its true according to the text?

• A) Doctors will be held guilty if they risk their patients' death.
• B) Modern medicine has assisted terminally iii patients in painless recovery.
• C) The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving medication can be prescribed.
• D) A doctor's medication is no longer justified by his intentions.

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ.

Text 1

The Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.

• Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician -assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of "double effect," a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects—a good one that is in
• Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients' pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.    Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore
• Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life. It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive
• Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care. "Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering," to the extent
• A) doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients' pain
• B) it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives
• C) the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide
• D) patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide

19.

• 19. A) when              
• B) how                
• C) that              
• D) which

20.

• 20. A) particularly         
• B) specifically           
• C) apparently          
• D) virtually

18.

• 18. A) all                
• B) partly             
• C) seldom            
• D) often

17.

• 17. A) many               
• B) several               
• C) some              
• D) most

15.

• 15. A) Instead of          
• B) Rather than          
• C) As well as         
• D) In comparison with

14.

• 14. A) change             
• B) shift                 
• C) transfer            
• D) alternative

16.

• 16. A) last                
• B) move                
• C) live               
• D) survive

13.

• 13. A) zones              
• B) areas                
• C) belts               
• D) sphere

12.

• 12. A) Of course           
• B) For example          
• C) In consequence     
• D) In particular

11.

• 11.A) As        
• B) Because 
• C)Though                
• D)If

10.

• 10. A) watchful           
• B) ready               
• C) alert              
• D) attentive

7.

• 7. A) unless               
• B) when                
• C) since              
• D) although

8.

• 8. A) nature               
• B) character             
• C) feature             
• D) fact

9.

• 9. A) mode                
• B) way                 
• C) form               
• D) fashion

6.

• 6. A) name                
• B) idea                 
• C) expression          
• D) image

5.

• 5. A) "ups" and "down"   
• B) "goods" and "bads"  
• C) "pros" and "cons"  
• D) "highs" and "lows"

3.

• 3. A) designates           
• B) fluctuates            
• C) calculates          
• D) regulates

4.

• 4. A) second              
• B) latter                
• C) other              
• D) next

Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ.

• At the beginning of the century, medical scientists made a surprising discovery: that we are (1) not just of flesh and blood but also of time. They were able to (2) that we all have an internal "body clock" which (3) the rise
• B) shaped              
• C) molded           
• D) grown

2.

• 2. A) demonstrate         
• B) illustrate            
• C) present           
• D) propose