许多国家首脑在出任前并未有丰富的外交经验，但这并没有妨碍他们做出成功的外交决策。外交学院的教授告诉我们，丰富的外交经验对于成功的外交决策是不可缺少的。但事实上，一个人，只要有高度的政治敏感、准确的信息分析能力和果断的个人勇气，就能很陕地学会如何做出成功的外交决策。对于一个缺少以上三种素养的外交决策者来说，丰富的外交经验没有什么价值。如果上述断定为真，则以下哪项一定为真？( )

认真阅读下面的材料，引出现象，写一篇不少于800字的文章，文题自拟。

现代管理科学中的“链条理论”认为，成功是由多个相互关联的环节构成的，就像一个环环相扣的链条。每一个环节都很坚韧，成功的可能性就大。反之，只要有一个环节脆弱，链条就会断裂，成功的可能等于零。

According to this passage,( )．

This passage most probably is( )．

The book mentioned in this passage is written for readers who( )．

Questions 61-65 are based on Passage Two:

 Passage Two

Science is a dominant theme in our culture．Since it touches almost every facet of our life, educated people need at least some acquaintance with its structure and operatiom They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are, An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist．

This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose acquaintance with science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who sees the chief objective of science as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientist as some sort of magician． The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world, or-independent of any course-simply to provide a better understanding of science．We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they do． It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture． In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture．

We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populate it．That population has in recent years come to comprise more and more women．This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not an unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions． In discussing these changes and contributions, however, we are faced with a language that is implicitly sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals．

To offset this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when a'bsolutely necessary, alternating he and she．This policy is far from being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of the human race equally．

 We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative,Our approach is usually informal． We feel, as do many other scientists, that we shouldn't take ourselves too seriously． As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living．

We need to know something about the structure and operation of science because ( )．

Which do you think would be the best title for this passage? ( )

When the writer says,“This is not going to be put right overnight”, he means ( )．

We can learn from the text what the problem really matters is ( )．

Which of the following best describes the writer's idea? ( )