36-40题为定义翔断。每道题先给出一个概念的定义，然后分别列出四种行为，要求你严格依据定义从中选出一个最符合或最不符合该定义的答案。注意：假设这个定义是正确的，不容置疑的。

习得性无助是指在多次经历过消极体验之后，再面临同样或类似情境时个体所产生的一种无能为力的心理状态与行为表现。

下列属于习得性无助的一项是( )。

The author aims to tell us that_________．

认真阅读下面的材料，引出现象，写一篇不少于800字的文章，文题自拟。

据不完全统计，中国沿海地区累计已丧失滨海滩涂湿地面积约119万公顷，另因城乡工矿占用湿地约l00万公顷，两项相当于沿海湿地总面积的50%。全国围垦湖泊面积达130万公顷以上'由于围垦湖泊而失去调蓄容积350亿立方米以上，超过了我国现今五大淡水湖面积之和，因围垦而消亡的天然湖泊近1000个。

中国的沼泽湿地由于作为泥炭开发和农用地开垦，面积急剧减少。三江平原原是中国最大的平原沼泽分布区，据统计，1975年三江平原自然沼泽面积为244万公顷，占平原面积的48% ；l985年沼泽面积下降到150万公顷，占平原面积的29%；到1990年沼泽面积仅剩113万公顷，仅占平原面积的22%。

中国重要的经济海区和湖泊，酷渔滥捕的现象十分严重，不仅使重要的天然经济鱼类资源受到很大的破坏，而且也严重影响着这些湿地的生态平衡，威胁着其他水生物种的安全。中国许多海域的经济鱼类年捕获量明显下降，渔捕物的种类日趋单一，种群结构低龄化、小型化。

珊瑚礁是中国南部海域最富特色的景观和自然资源，多年来由于无度、无序地开发，已使珊瑚礁受到严重破坏。此外，沼泽湿地中的泥炭资源、北方沿海的贝壳砂以及沙岸，也都因过度或不合理开采而受到破坏。

One important factor that affects the correctness of the results is that_________．

According to the passage, which of the following can NOT be typed into the same category?

Which of the following statements is true according to the article?

The man was very surprised because________。

What was burnt?

Questions 61-65 are based on Passage Two:

Passage Two

Everyone becomes a little more forgetful as they get older, but men's minds decline（衰退） more than women's, according to the results of a worldwide survey．

Certain differences seem to be inherent in male and female brains: Men are better at maintaining and dealing with mental images (useful in mathematical reasoning and spatial skills),while women tend to excel (擅长) at recalling information from their brain's files (helpful with language skills and remembering the locations of objects)．

Many studies have looked for a connection between sex and the amount of mental decline people experience as they age, but the results have been mixed．

Some studies found more age-related decline in men than in women, while others the opposite or even no relationship at all between sex and mental decline． Those results could be improper because the studies involved older people, and women live longer than men: The men tested are the survivors,“So they're the ones that may not have shown such cognitive decline,” said study team leader Elizabeth of the University of Warwick in Egland．

 People surveyed completed four tasks that tested sex-related cognitive skills: matching an object to its rotated form, matching lines shown from the same angle, typing as many words in a particular category（范畴） as possible in the given time, e． g．“object usually I colored gray”, and recalling the location of objects in a line drawing．The first two were task at which men usually excel; the latter were typically dominated by women．

 Within each age group studied, men and women performed better in their separate categories on average． And though performance declined with age for both genders, women showed obviously less decline than men overall．

The underlined word in the second paragraph means_________．

A man came to visit the boy's father on________。

Mr． Brown wrote the words down on________。