Network managers have long awaited practical voice-over-IP(VOIP)solutions. VOIP promises ease network management and decreases(66)by converging a company's telephony and data infrastructures into one network. And a VOIP solution implemented at a company's head-quarters with far-reaching branch offices can(67)tremendous amounts of money in long distance phone bills, provided that solution delivers POTS-like voice(68)over the Internet.

  VOIP gateways are designed to convert voice from the(69)domain to the circuit switched domain. VOIP solutions use a digital signal processor(DSP)to process the voice data, preparing the voice sample for transmission by compressing voice and removing jitter. The VOIP equipment must comply with the(70)H.323 standard defined by the International Telecommunication Union, or ITU.

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Microsoft's COM is a software architecture that allows applications to be built from binary software components. COM is the underlying(71)that forms the foundation for higher-level software services, like those provided by OLE. COM defines a binary standard for function calling between components, a way for components to dynamically discover the interfaces implemented by other components, and a mechanism to identify components and their interfaces uniquely.

 OLE is a compound(72)standard developed by Microsoft. OLE makes it possible to create(73)with one application and link or embed them in a second application. Embedded objects retain their original format and(74)to the application that created them. Support for OLE is built into the Windows and MacOS Operating Systems. A(75)compound document standard developed mainly by Apple and IBM is called OpenDoc.

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从事电子商务活动要求具有的技术有(58)。