在层次网络体系结构中，第n层协议利用(2)提供的服务向(3)提供服务，对等实体是指(4)，数据在同一个系统自上层传到下层，这种数据格式称为(5)，某层实体接收到上层传来的数据后，一般要(6)才能使接收方知道如何处理。

(131)

(130)

(129)

(128)

Flow control is a function that prevents network congestion by ensuring that(71)do not overwhelm(72)with data.

 There are three commonly used methods for handling network congestion.(73)is used by network devices to temporarily store bursts of excess data in memory until they can be processed(74)are used by receiving devices to help prevent their buffers from overflowing.(75)is a flow-control scheme in which the source device requires an acknowledgment from the destination aider a certain number of packets have been transmitted.

(126)

(125)

(124)

(123)

SNMPv2增加了一个非原子的Get命令，可以做到(63)，SNMPv2增加的Inform命令使得网络管理的结构可以是(64)。SNMPv1的报文中除版本号和SNMPPDU外，还包括(65)，在 SNMPv2中，在原PDU的基础上增加了(66)信息。RMON2监视(67)层的通信。