对照ISO/OSI参考模型各个层中的网络安全服务，在网络层可以采用(64)来处理信息内外网络边界流动和建立透明的安全加密信道；在传输层主要解决进程到进程间的加密，最常见的传输层安全技术有(65)等。

(97)

(98)

(95)

(96)

Software　quality　assurance　is　now　an(71)sub-discipline　of　software　engineering.　As　Bucldy　and　Oston　point　out,(72)software　quality　assurance　is　likely　to　lead　to　an　ultimate(73)of　software　costs.　However,　the　major　hurdle　in　the　path　of　software　management　in　this　area　is　the　lack　of(74)software　standards.　The　development　of　accepted　and　generally　applicable　standards　should　be　one　of　the　principal　goals　of(75)in　software　engineering.

(93)

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(88)