某工作站采用时钟频率f为15MHz，处理速率为10MIP/S的处理机来执行一个已知混合程序。假定每次存储器存取为1周期延迟，此计算机的有效CPI是(33)，假定将处理机的时钟频率，厂提高到30MHz，但存储器子系统速率不变。这样，每次存储器存取需要两个时钟周期，如果30%指令每条只需要一次存储存取，而另外5%每条需要两次存储存取，还假定已知混合程序的指令数不变，并与原工作站兼容，则改进后的处理机性自(34)。

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MIMD　systems　can　be　classified　into(71)-oriented　systems,　high-availability　systems　and　response-oriented　systems.　The　goal　of(71).　oriented　multiprocessing　is　to　obtain　high(71)(72)minimal　computing　cost.　The　techniques　employed　by　multiprocessor　operating　systems　to　achieve　this　goal　take　advantage　of　an　inherent　processing　versus　input/output　balance　in　the　workload　to　produce(73)and(74)loading　of　system(75).

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(70)

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Prior　to　the　UML,　there　was　no　clear　leading(66)language.　Users　had　to　choose　from　among　many　similar　modeling　languages　with　minor　differences　in　overall(67)power.　Most　of　the　modeling　languages　shared　a　set　of　commonly　accepted　concepts　that　are　expressed　slightly　differently　in　various　languages.　This　lack　of(68)discouraged　new　users　from　entering　the　OO　market　and　from　doing　OO　modeling,　without　greatly　expanding　the　power　of　modeling.　Users　longed　for　the　industry　to　adopt　one,　or　a　very　few,　broadly　supported　modeling　languages　suitable　for(69)usage.

Some　Vendors　were　discouraged　from　entering　the　OO　modeling　area　because　of　the　need　to　support　many　similar,　but　slightly　different,　modeling　languages.　In　particular,　the　supply　of　add　on　tools　has　been　depressed　because　small　vendors　cannot　afford　to　support　many　different　formats　from　many　different(70)modeling　tools.　It　is　important　to　the　entire　OO　industry　to　encourage　broadly　based　tools　and　vendors,　as　well　as　niche　products　that　cater　to　the　needs　of　specialized　groups.

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