数据库系统由数据库、(35)和硬件等组成,数据库系统是在(36)的基础上发展起来的。
数据库系统由于能减少数据冗余,提高数据独立性,并集中检查(37),由此获得广泛的应用。数据库提供给用户的接口是(38),它具有数据定义、数据操作和数据检查功能,可独立使用,也可以嵌入宿主语言使用。(39)语言已被国际标准化组织采纳为标准的关系数据语言。
(71)
(69)
(68)
(70)
(66)
Ink-jet printer belongs to nonimpact printers in which the characters are formed by projecting particles or droplets of ink on to paper.(71) printer is also a nonimpact printer in which the characters are produced by applying hot elements to heat-sensitive paper directly or by melting ink from a(72) on to plain paper. Electrostatic printer creates an electrostatic latent image, which is then made visible by a toner and transferred and fixed on paper. An electrostatic printer may be used in some instances as a(73). Laser printer creates, by means of a laser beam directed on a(74) surface, a latent image which is then made visible by a toner and transferred and fixed on paper. Magnetographic printer creates, by means of magnetic heads operating on a metallic drum, a latent image which is then made visible by a toner and transferred and fixed on paper. Computer-output-microfilm (COM) printer produces on a photographic film a(75) of each page.
(64)
(65)
(63)
An analog signal's characteristic quantity representing data may(66). at any instant, any value within a continuous(67). For example, an analog signal may follow continuously the values of another physical quantity representing data.A discrete signal is composed of(68) elements in time, each element having one or more characteristic quantities which can represent data. Examples of characteristic quantities are amplitude, waveform,(69), and position in time. A digital signal is a special case of discrete signals, in which data are represented by a(70) number of well-defined discrete values that one of its characteristic quantities may take in time.
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