(66)是将系统化的、规范的、可定量的方法应用于软件的开发、运行和维护的过程，它包括方法、工具和过程三个要素。ISO9000是由ISO/TC176制定的关于(67)和质量保证的国际标准。CMM提供了一个框架，将软件过程改进的进化步骤组织成5个成熟度等级。除第1级外，每个等级都包含了实现该成熟度等级目标的若干(68)。在软件开发的各种资源中，(69)是最重要的资源。软件的复杂性是(70)，它引起人员通信困难、开发费用超支、开发时间超时等问题。

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A Web browser is simply a terminal emulator, designed to display text on a screen. The two essential differences between an ordinary terminal emulator and a Web browser are that the browser knows how to deal with(71), and that it has a mechanism for(72)graphical files. Display text, display graphics, and(73)hyperlinks-there's 99 percent of the(74)value. That's not to say that the manufacturers didn't go all-out to attach a hyperactive efflorescence of useless capabilities onto their browsers. Remember when media channels in the browser were a big deal, instead of the clutter you can't wait to delete from your favorites of bookmarks menu? Remember when client-side Java applets were supposed to become the preferred(75)for application development? Remember frames and all their nasty side effects?

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假设某程序语言的文法如下：

 S→a|b|(T)

 T→TdS|S

 其中，V_T={a，b，d，(，))；V_N={S，T}，S是开始符号。考察该文法，句型(Sd(T)db)是S的一个(28)。

 其中(29)是最左素短语，(30)是该句型的直接短语。

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