UML叫做统一的建模语言，它把Booch、Rumbaugh和Jacobson等各自独立的OOA和OOD方法中最优秀的特色组合成一个统一的方法。UML允许软件工程师使用由一组语法的语义的实用的规则支配的符号来表示分析模型。

 在UML中用5种不同的视图来表示一个系统，这些视图从不同的侧面描述系统。每一个视图由一组图形来定义。这些视图概述如下：

(14)视图用使用实例(use case)来建立模型，并用它来描述来自终端用户方面的可用的场景。

(15)视图对静态结构(类、对象和关系)模型化。

(16)视图描述了在用户模型视图和结构模型视图中所描述的各种结构元素之间的交互和协作。

(17)视图将系统的结构和行为表达成为易于转换为实现的方式。

(18)视图表示系统实现环境的结构和行为。

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Rapid advances in computer and communication technologies have resulted in the(71)merger of these two fields. The lines have bluned among computing, switching, and digital transmission equipment, and the same digital techniques are being used for data, voice, and image transmission. Merging and evolving technologies, coupled with increasing demands for efficient and timely collection, processing, and(72)of information, are leading to the development of(73)that transmit and process all types of datA. The ultimate goal of this evolution is something its proponents-some of the most powerful forces in the computing and telecommunications industries-call the(74). The(74)will be a worldwide public telecommunications network that will deliver a wide variety of services. The(74)will be defined by the standardization of user interfaces, and will be implemented as a set of digital switches and paths supporting a broad range of traffic types and providing(75)processing servicess. Inpractice, there will be multiple networks, implemented within national boundaries, but from the user's point of view there will be a single, uniformly accessible worldwide network.

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Even though current technologies make the ultimate segmented network impractical, new technologies and products hold the promise of making the concept a reality. Most important of all these new technologies are(66). The ultimate switched LAN, which is technically possible, now, exhibits the following characteristics:

 1. High-speed yet cost-effective switching devices can be implemented on a wide scale, providing dedicated connections for individual users and supporting the aggregate(67)of all networked users.

 2. The ability to deploy switching capabilities incrementally into the(68)base. Switching implementations support switching of individual users or groups so that existing users of shared media modules can continue to use the existing equipment until they can justify moving to dedicate switched LAN connections.

 3. Support and enhancement of existing routed environments. Switching(69)routint, but rather can be introduced into the network without making any changes to the existing routing equipment or configuration.(70)play a critical role in the integration of switching into existing networks.

66. A. switch-based LANs

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