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Why should we bother reading a book?All children say this occasionally．Many among our educated classes are also asking why，in a world of accelerating technology，increasing time poverty and diminishing attention spans，should they invest precious time sinking into a good book?

The beginnings of an answer lie in the same technology that has posed the question． Psychologists from Washington University used brain scans to see what happens inside our heads when we read stories．They found that“readers mentally simulate each new situation encountered in a narrative”．The brain weaves these situations together with experiences from its own life to create a new mental synthesis．Reading a book leaves US with new neural pathways．

The discovery that our brains are physically changed by the experience of reading is something many of US will understand instinctively，as we think back to the way an extraordinary book had a transformative effect on the way we viewed the world．This transformation only takes place when we lose ourselves in a book，abandoning the emotional and mental chatter of the real world．That’S why studies have found this kind of deep readingmakes US more empathetic，or as Nicholas Cart puts it in his essay，The Dreams of Readers，“more alert to the inner ljves nf others”．

This is significant because recent scientific research has also found a dramatic fall in empathy among teenagers in advanced western cultures．We can’t yet be sure why this is happening，but the best hypothesis is that it is the result of their immersion in the internet． So technology reveals that our brains are being changed by technology，and then offers a potential solution--the book．

Rationally，we know that reading is the foundation stone of all education，and therefore an essential underpinning of the knowledge economy．So reading is——0r should be——an aspect of public policy．But perhaps even more significant is its emotional role as the．starting point for individual voyages of personal development and pleasure．Books can open up emotional and imaginative landscapes that extend the corridors of the web．They can help create and reinforce our sense of self．

If reading were to decline significantly，it would change the very nature of our species．If we，in the future，are no longer wired for solitary reflection and creative thought，we will be diminished．But as a reader and a publisher，I am optimistic．Technology throws up as many solutions as it does challenges：for every door it closes，another opens．So the ability，offered by devices like e-readers，smartphones and tablets，to carry an entire library in your hand is an amazing opportunity．As publishers，we need to use every new piece of technology to embed long—form. reading within our culture．We should concentrate on the message．Not agonize over the medium．

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根据以下资料，回答下列各题：

International investors seem incapable of ending their love affair with the dollar． America’s economy has slowed sharply this year，yet its currency has risen to a 15 year high in trade weighted terms．(46)Against the euro the dollar touched$0．888％higher than in early January and close to the level at which the European Central Bank and the Federal Reserve joitly intervened to prop up the European currency last September．Why is the euro looking sickly?

There are plenty of theories．0De is that the markets do not trust the ECB: (47)the euro area economies are not immune to America’s downturn，yet the central bank still seems more concerned with fighting inflation than with supporting growth；another more plausible explanation is that，in an uncertain global economic climate，the dollar has resumed its traditional role as a safehaven currency．Most economists reckon that the euro is undervalued and expect a rebound over the next year．One of the most optimistic is Goldman Sachs．which is predicting a rate of$1．22 in 12 months．

But an analysis by David Owen，an economist at Dresdner Kleinwort Wasserstein，gives pause for thought．(48)He has found that，over the past decade，movements in the real exchange rate of the euro against the dollar have closely reflected the difference between productivity growth in the euro area and in America．When productivity growth in America has been faster than in Europe--as it was in most of the late 1990s the euro falls．and vice versa．This is exactly what economic theory would predict：countries with faster productivity growth in the traded goods sector should see rising real exchange rates．Mr．Owen uses monthly data for productivity growth in manufacturing，a good proxy for the traded goods sector．Using annual productivity data for the whole economy(which are available over a longer period)．the broad relationship between the exchange rate and relative productivity growth in America and Europe seems to have persisted for most of the past 30 years．

Mr．Owen reckons that．in the short term，America’s downturn will reduce the productivity gap between America and the euro area，and so boost the eur0．(49)But in the long．Termhe expect，sproductivity．growth toremain faster in America--in which case,a sustained rise in the euro is unlikely over the next few years．Only if the downturn completely kills the belief in America’s new paradigm，and its productivity growth plummets，will the euro be able to rebound more permanently．

The strength of the dollar this year does indeed seem to hinge on a belief among investors that America’S slowdown will be brief，and that in the longer run America remains the best place in which to invest.(50)But they may be underestimating the potential for productivitygai nsin Eourope，as the singlecurrency boosts competition and encourages firms toexp10it，econoom，ies of scale　through　mergers and acquisitions．The adoption of more flexible working practices in many countries should also help to improve productivity．

Studies in America suggest that the bulk of its productivity gains from information technology come from the use of it rather than from its production So the euro area，too， should start to enjoy productivity gains over the next decade，as it makes fuller use of it If you believe that Europe really is starting to change，buy Euros If not，stick with the darling dollar.

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Direetions： Suppose that you cannot return the book to William in person for some emergency and Will ask someone else to return it

1)Give your suggestions，and explain the reasons

2)Other recommendation．

Write a note in about 100 words to inform. him of itWrite it neatly on the ANSWER SHEET

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letterUse“Zhang Wei”instead

Directions： Write an essay of l60200 words based on the following drawingIn your essay， you should

1)describe the drawing briefly，

2)explain its intended meaning，and then

3)give your comments You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET(20 points)

Which of the following reasons is not the cause of American sustained pessimism?

_________

根据以下资料，回答下列各题：