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材料:

When a clean bill of lading has been issued,estoppel arises or,in other words,the carrier is prevented from proving,as against a third party relying on the clean bill of lading,that there was any thing wrong.In the case of inherent vice,however,which is a natural defect in the thing shipped,the carrier is not estopped by his clean bill of lading,because a clean bill of lading,in stating that a certain cargo is on board,gives sufficient notice that this cargo,in the natural course of events,may have certain qualities or defects which all similar cargo normally has.For example,a cargo of flour will shrink slightly,and this fact does not have to be noted on the face of the bill of lading. 

Similarly,where cargo is unfit to withstand the ordinary incidents of the contractual voyage contemplated by the parties,owing to some inherent vice or hidden defect presented within it,the carrier is not estopped by the clean bill of lading from asserting the inherent defect exception,provided that the damage has not been aggravated by any conduct of the carrier or those for whom he is responsible. 

The carrier issuing a clean bill of lading is only bound by his statements as to the outward condition of the cargo and is therefore not estopped from proving inherent vice or hidden defect when that vice or defect was not apparent at the time of shipment.In other words,a clean bill of lading does not necessarily fulfill the shipper's burden of proof in respect to inherent vice or hidden defect. 

问题:

The slight shrinkage of flour is ________.

  • A.an inherent defect of the cargo
  • B.a damage which is always aggravated by the conduct of carrier
  • C.a vice or defect which should be noted on face of B/L due to the fact that it is not apparent at the time of shipment
  • D.an outward condition of the cargo
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相关试题
  1. The author implies that ________.

    • A.even by making use of modern instrument it is difficult to maintain safety in this area
    • B.mariners should take it easy when navigating in this area
    • C.modern instrument should be used to control the safety of navigation in this area
    • D.it is dangerous when navigating in this area
  2. The person on the bridge or in the pilot house shall be those ________.

    • A.who are recommended
    • B.who are familiar with the navigation.management.Operation and safety control
    • C.who are directly involved in the navigation,management,operation and safety control
    • D.who have nothing to do with the navigation,management,operation and safety control
  3. SHIPPING is referred ________ in this passage.

    • A.the operations of transportation of GOODs by sea
    • B.the procedures of marine transportation business
    • C.the management of marine transportation business
    • D.the vessels and ships
  4. 材料:

    It is not recommended that any person shall be allowed on the bridge or in the pilot house except the pilot and other representative of the canal,and master and such officers and other members of the crew of the vessel as may be necessary for its navigation and control,management,operation and safety. 

    Navigational aids are difficult to maintain and are reported to be unreliable in this waters.A considerable amount of shipping uses the canal and,in addition,many local fishing craft with nets may be encountered in the area. Since passage through the canal entails a run of more than 250 miles,long periods of considerable vigilance are necessary in order to maintain safe standards of navigation.

    问题:

    PILOT HOUSE is referred to ________ in this passage.

    • A.the cabin in which the pilot stays
    • B.the space which the rudder is located
    • C.the bridge of vessels
    • D.the cabin which is prepared for the pilot
  5. The real reason that caused the hydraulic steering system to fail was that ________.

    • A.no fuel line spare were available
    • B.the weather was deteriorating
    • C.the“O”rings fitted to the shuttle valve were of either the wrong type or a defective one
    • D.the thruster power unit failed
  6. The time that the thruster drive unit failed was ________ hrs.

    • A.1800
    • B.2100
    • C.2155
    • D.0240
  7. When the hydraulic steering system failed,________.

    • A.the hand steering system could still be used
    • B.the auto steering system could still be used
    • C.both hand and auto steering system were out of use
    • D.neither and steering system nor auto steering system was out of use
  8. 材料:

    • At 1800,the hydraulic steering system failed once again.The master realized he would require shore assistance to rectify the problem,and diverted towards Portland using the thruster to steer by.The weather at this time was south-south-west force 5.At abou
    • At 2155,with the weather deteriorating and no steering,the master contacted the Portland Coastguard and a“Pan pan”message was broadcast.A tow to Portland Harbor was arranged and she arrived alongside at 0240 the following morning.The subsequent investigat
    • A.the hydraulic steering system
    • B.the solenoid valve
    • C.the thruster driving unit
    • D.the hand steering
  9. According to the passage,________.

    • A.the bow of the vessel parted the pier first
    • B.the stern of the vessel parted the pier first
    • C.the beam of the vessel parted the pier first
    • D.it can not be concluded which part of the vessel parted the pier first
  10. It can be concluded that ________.

    • A.the vessel was lying portside along the pier
    • B.the vessel was lying starboardside along the pier
    • C.the vessel was lying at a buoy
    • D.the vessel was anchored