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The Need to Remember

Some people say they have no memory at all: "I just can't rememB．er athing !" B．ut of coursewe all have amemory. Our memory tells us who we are. Our memory helps us to make use in thepresent of what we have learnt in the past.

    In fact we have different types of memory. For example, our visual memory helps us recallfacts and places. Some people have such astrong visual memory that they can remember exactlywhat they have seen, for example, pages of abook, as acomplete picture.

    Our verbal( 言语的 )memory helps us rememB．er words and figures we may have heard butnot seen or written: Items of ashopping list, achemical formula, dates, or arecipe.

    With our emotional(情感的)memory, we recall situations or places where we had; strongfeelings, perhaps of happiness or unhappiness. We also have special memories for smell, taste,touch and sound, and for performing physical movements.

    We have two ways of storing any of these memories. Our short-term memory stores items forup to thirty seconds--enough to remember atelephone number while we dial. Our long-term mem-ory, on the other hand, may store items for alifetime. Older people in fact have amuch biterlong-term memory than short-term. They may forget what they have done only afew hours ago, buthave the clearest remembrance (记忆) of when they were very young.

    Psychologists tell us that we only remember afew facts about our past, and that we invent therest. It is as though we remember only the oudine of astory. We then make up the details. We of-ten do this in the way we want to remember them, usually so that we appear as the heroes of ourown past, or maybe victims needing sympathy (同情).

        Visual memory helps us recall aplace we have been to.                  查看材料

Transport has made it possiB．le for people to eat whatever food they want__________ 查看材料

In the trade of modern society the transmission of information plays as important __________arole as 查看材料

Only when goods can be carried to all parts of the world quickly __________ 查看材料

The development of modern means of transport__________ 查看材料

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Transport and Trade

1Transport is one of the aids to trade.by moving goods from places where they are plentiful toplaces where they are scarce, transport adds to their value. The more easily goods can be broughtover the distance that separates producer and consumer, the better for trade. When there were norailways, no good roads, no canals, and only small sailing ships, trade was on asmall scale.

    2The great advances made in transport during the last two hundred years were accompanied byabig increase in trade. bigger and faster ships enabled atrade in meat to develop between britainand New Zealand, for instance. Quicker transport makes possible mass-production and big busi-ness, drawing supplies from, and selling goods to, all parts of the globe. big factories could not ex-ist without transport to carry the large number of workers they need to and from their homes. bigcity stores could not have developed unless customers could travel easily from the suburbs andgoods were delivered to their homes. big cities could not survive unless food could be brought fromadistance.

    3Transport also prevents waste. Much of the fish landed at the ports would be wasted if it couldnot B．e taken quickly to inland towns. Transport has given us amuch greater variety of foods and goods since we no longer have to live on what is produced locally. Foods which at one time could be obtained only during apart of the year can now be obtained all through the year. Transport hasraised the standard of living.

    4by moving fuel, raw materials, and even power, for example, through electriccables, transporthas led to the estaB．lishment of industries and trade in areas where they would have been impossi-ble before. Districts and countries can concentrate on making things which they can do better andmore cheaply than others and can then exchange them with one another. The cheaper and quickertransport becomes,the longer the distance over which goods can profitably be carried． Countrieswith poor transport have alower standard of living.

    5Commerce requires not only the moving of goods and people but also the carrying of messagesand information. Means of communication, like telephones, cables and radio, send informationabout prices, supplies, and changing conditions in different parts of the worlD． In this way, ad-vanced communication systems also help to develop trade.

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