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The Weight Experiment

1NieolaWaiters has been taking part in experiments in Scotland to discover why humans gainand lose weight. being locked in asmall room called a" calorimeter" (热量测量室)is one way tofind out. The signs above the two rooms read simply" Chamber One" and" Chamber Two", theseare the calorimeters: 4m by 2m white-walled rooms where human volunteers are locked up in thename of science.    Outside these rooms another sign reads," Please do not enter-work in progress"and in front of the morns advanced machinery registers ( 记录 ) every move the volunteers make.

    Each day, meals measured to the last gram are passed through ahole in the wall of the calorimeterto the resident volunteer.

    2NieolaWaiters is one of the twenty volunteers who, over the past eight months, have spent va-rying periods inside the calorimeter. Tall and slim, Nicoladoes not have aweight problem, butthought the strict diet might help her with training and fitness program.aself-employed communi-ty dance worker, she was able to fit the experiment in around her work. She saw an advert( 广告)for volunteers at her gym and as she is interested in the whole areaof diet and exercise, shethought she would help out.

    3The experiment on Nieolainvolved her spending one day on afixed diet at home and the nextin the room. This sequence(次序) was repeated four times over six weeks. She arrived at the calo-rimeter at 8:30 a. m. on each of the four mornings and from then on everything she ate or drankwas carefully measured. Her every move was noted too, her daily exercise routine timed to the lastsecond. At regular intervals, after eating, she filled in forms about how hungry she felt and sam-ples were taken for analysis.

    4The scientists helped volunteers impose(g确立) akind of order on the long days they faced inthe room. "The first time, I only took one video and abook. but it was OK, because I watched TVthe rest of the time," says Nicola. And twice aday she used the exercisebike. She pedaled(踩踏板) for half an hour, watched by researchers to make sure she didn't go too fast.

    5It seems that some foods encourage you to eat more, while others satisfy you quickly. Volun-teers are already showing that high-fat diets are less likely to make you feel full. believing thatthey may now know what encourages people to overeat, the researchers are about to start testing ahigh-protein weight-loss diet. Volunteers are required and Nicolahas signed up for further ses-sions.

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Transport has made it possiB．le for people to eat whatever food they want__________ 查看材料

In the trade of modern society the transmission of information plays as important __________arole as 查看材料

Only when goods can be carried to all parts of the world quickly __________ 查看材料

The development of modern means of transport__________ 查看材料

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Transport and Trade

1Transport is one of the aids to trade.by moving goods from places where they are plentiful toplaces where they are scarce, transport adds to their value. The more easily goods can be broughtover the distance that separates producer and consumer, the better for trade. When there were norailways, no good roads, no canals, and only small sailing ships, trade was on asmall scale.

    2The great advances made in transport during the last two hundred years were accompanied byabig increase in trade. bigger and faster ships enabled atrade in meat to develop between britainand New Zealand, for instance. Quicker transport makes possible mass-production and big busi-ness, drawing supplies from, and selling goods to, all parts of the globe. big factories could not ex-ist without transport to carry the large number of workers they need to and from their homes. bigcity stores could not have developed unless customers could travel easily from the suburbs andgoods were delivered to their homes. big cities could not survive unless food could be brought fromadistance.

    3Transport also prevents waste. Much of the fish landed at the ports would be wasted if it couldnot B．e taken quickly to inland towns. Transport has given us amuch greater variety of foods and goods since we no longer have to live on what is produced locally. Foods which at one time could be obtained only during apart of the year can now be obtained all through the year. Transport hasraised the standard of living.

    4by moving fuel, raw materials, and even power, for example, through electriccables, transporthas led to the estaB．lishment of industries and trade in areas where they would have been impossi-ble before. Districts and countries can concentrate on making things which they can do better andmore cheaply than others and can then exchange them with one another. The cheaper and quickertransport becomes,the longer the distance over which goods can profitably be carried． Countrieswith poor transport have alower standard of living.

    5Commerce requires not only the moving of goods and people but also the carrying of messagesand information. Means of communication, like telephones, cables and radio, send informationabout prices, supplies, and changing conditions in different parts of the worlD． In this way, ad-vanced communication systems also help to develop trade.

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