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Dry regions in the southwestern United States have become increasingly inviting playgrounds for the growing number of recreation seekers who own vehicles such as motorcycles or powered trail bikes and indulge(being crazy) in hill-climbing contests or in carving new trails in the desert. But recent scientific studies show that these off-road vehicles can cause damage to desert landscapes that has long-range effects on the area’s water-conserving characteristics and on the entire ecology (the scientific study of the pattern of relations of plants, animals, and people to each other and to their surroundings), both plant and animal. Research by scientists in the western Mojave Desert in California revealed that the compaction of the sandy dry soil resulting from the passage of just one motorcycle markedly reduced the infiltration(渗透)ability of the soil and created a stream of rain runoff water that eroded the hillside surface. In addition, the researchers discovered that the soil compaction caused by the off-road vehicles often killed native plant species and resulted in the invasion of different plant species within a few years. The native perennial (of a plant that lives for more than two years) species required many more years before they showed signs of returning . the scientists calculated that roughly a century would be required for the infiltration capacity of the Mojave soil to be restored after being compacted by vehicles.

What is the main topic of the passage?

Travel agencies sell products such as a flight on an airplane, a stay in a hotel room, a view of the mountains, or a cruise on a ship. Once customers buy these products, they have them for only a short time. If travel products prove unsatisfactory, they can’t be returned, although suppliers and agencies might compensate dissatisfied customers in some way. Travel agents sell dreams to vacation and leisure travelers. A travel advertisement might show a beautiful young couple dancing in a moonlit beach. The advertisement suggests that by purchasing certain travel products travelers will experience romance, relaxation, and pleasure. The vacation may continue to exist as a wonderful memory. To business and professional travelers, travel agents sell time and convenience.

视觉污染

Before a group arrives at a hotel, a local guide should make a brief introduction of the hotel to the tourists. This introduction should include the hotel’s name, its rating, location, surroundings, facilities, functions, etc., so that the tourists could be familiar with it during their stay. Hotel services may include food and beverage services like restaurant, cafes, shops, bars, room service, housekeeping and sport services like swimming pool and tennis court. Some services like Front Desk, Money Exchange Desk and Business Center should also be introduced to tourists. No matter what you will say, please do it on coach, with your microphone, for it’s the best time for you to catch their attention when they are very curious about this strange land.

签约国

包机航班

可持续发展

国民收入

目标市场

辅助设施

旅游批发商