( ) Cognates may be defined as words that have developed from a common ancestor or common source. Work on the systematic form-meaning resemblance in cognates lies at the core of comparative reconstruction.

fossilization

Define with examples phonemic contrast, allophone and complementary distribution. What is the basic way to determine the phonemes of a language?

Describe with examples the lexical loss which occurred in Old English and Middle English. Do you think the loss of words inevitable? What do you think of the process of lexical loss?

interpersonal communication

internal borrowing

social dialects

embedded clause

predication

directives

compounding