Passage 1
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.
People have thought very differently about children in different historical eras. In ancient Rome and throughout the Middle Ages, for example, childhood was brief: A boy or girl was considered an “infant” until the age of six, but soon afterward worked alongside adults in the fields, in the workshops, or at home. Children were thought to be born in a state of sin and were viewed as the property of their fathers. Such beliefs contributed to strict discipline of children and neglect of their special needs.
These harsh attitudes softened during the Renaissance and Enlightenment as the humanistic spirit of the times caused a rediscovery of the special qualities of childhood. In paintings, for example, young children were depicted as playing and doing other childish things, rather than being shown as miniature adults. The importance of childhood as a unique period of development was understood more fully in the 17th and 18th centuries, as reflected in the writings of two important European thinkers: the English philosopher John Locke and the French philosopher Jean Jacques Rousseau. John Locke argued that the newborn infant comes into the world with no inherited predispositions (天性), but rather with a mind as a “blank slate” that is gradually filled with ideas, concepts, and knowledge from experiences in the world. He concluded that the quality of early experiences, particularly how children are raised and educated, shapes the direction of a child’s life. Later, Jean Jacques Rousseau claimed that children at birth are innately good rather than evil, and that their natural tendencies should be protected against the corrupting influences of society. Rousseau’s attitude had an important influence on society, and inspired,for example,the novelists Charles Dickens and Victor Hugo,who decried(揭露)the exploitation of child labor and highlighted the need for educational and social reform.
It can be inferred that children in the Middle Ages ______.
(67)
(65)
(66)
(64)
According to the last paragraph,why do people display different levels of mental health?
Unlike most of the other non-foolish holidays,the history of April Fool’s Day, sometimes called All Fool’s Day, is not totally dear.[(63)There really wasn’t a “First April Fool’s Day” that can be pinpointed on the calendar.][(64)Some believe it sort of evolved simultaneously in several cultures at the same time, from celebrations involving the first day of spring.]
The closest point in time that can be identified as the beginning of this tradition was in 1582, in France. [(65)Prior to that year, the new year was celebrated for eight days, beginning on March 25. The celebration culminated on April 1.] With the reform of the calendar under Charles IX, the Gregorian calendar was introduced, and New Year’s Day was moved to January 1.
[(66)However, communications being what they were in the days when news traveled by foot, many people did not receive the news for several years.][ (67)Others, the more obstinate crowd, refused to accept the new calendar and continued to celebrate the new year on April 1. ]These backward folk were labeled as “fools” by the general populace. They were subject to some ridicule, and were often sent on “fools errands” or were made the butt (笑柄) of other practical jokes.
(From April Fool’s Day)
(63)
According to the first paragraph,what are the major aspects of life that may influence one’s psychological well-being?
(60)
(59)
(56)
2005年初级经济师考试《旅游经济专
初级旅游经济师试题及答案一
初级旅游经济师试题及答案二
2005年初级经济师考试《邮电经济专
初级经济师试题及答案1(邮电经济)
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初级经济师试题及答案2(邮电经济)
初级经济师试题及答案2(保险经济)
初级经济师试题及答案3(保险经济)
2014年经济师初级考试真题《建筑经