It is not surprising that people(21) ever associate Britain with wine and in fact it may astonish you to learn that grapes are grown (22)in England and nearly 200,000 bottles of wine were sold in 1975. (23) very new in growing grapes in Britain, in spite of the climate. The Romans planted the first vines about AD 300 and (24) a long time people always drank home-produced wines. What (25) the English wine industry was not so much a change in the climate (26) the fact that an English king, Henry II, inherited the Bordeaux area of France as part of his dominions during the twelfth century and the imported wine provided (27)of competition. The English wine industry did not disappear, however, (28)the sixteenth century, when the monks, who had been the main producers in the meantime, had their estates taken away by Henry VIII. The new owners let the vineyards die out. But now English people, probably(29) their memories of holidays by the Mediterranean, drink more wine than(30) and the new industry is now developing at a modest but consistent rate.

21、()

为了获得市场份额，他们必须竭尽全力。(market share, go to lengths)

愿意买该产品的人越多，价格就降得越多。(the more, the more)

我们要在出发前把一切都规划好。(plan out, departure)

阅读下面的短文，然后把划线的句子翻译成汉语。

It has been a tumultuous time for dot-com start-ups. In fact, Gartner, Inc. estimates that over 75% of e-commerce start-ups will end in failure. (71) [While it is tempting to blame prevailing market conditions for this failure rate, the fact is that early planning ultimately determines the potential success or failure of a start-up.] This whitepaper helps managers understand the characteristics that contribute to successful start-ups. (72)[Importantly, this work also includes a valuable diagnostic survey that helps entrepreneurs quantify the strength of the business and identify problem areas.]

One thing is clear: There are a lot of ways for a new business to go out of business. (73) [Loss of focus, an inability to fulfill customer orders or service, and a mismatch of top management with the corporate culture are but a few common reasons that businesses fail.] To increase the chances of success, managers need to consider four crucial inputs:

Management / People:The single most vital component of any business, every start-up needs a skilled management team that can execute the business plan, adapt to changing environments, and attract and retain valuable staff.

Market Opportunity:To succeed, a venture requires a business model that is adaptable, scalable, defensible, and able to generate both revenue and profits. (74) [In addition, management must recognize the company’s market position and the potential of its ideas in the market.]

Funding:The ability of the venture to raise operating cash in order to establish profitability.

Product and Service:This defines the demand for the product, including the degree to which it addresses customer needs and the ability to provide fulfillment and client service functions.

 (75) [By keeping a close eye on these found areas — strong leadership and management, good people, a solid business plan, and a product that people want to purchase — businesses can position themselves to weather inevitable challenges.]

电子商务的交易通常涉及几个互动的步骤。 (involve, interactive steps)

我们怎样才能防止这种疾病蔓延?(prevent…from, disease)

information technology

human resources

market share

Federal Express