firm offer

通过为证券的发行和交易提供中心市场，股票交易所长期为政府、工业以及投资商的需求服务。

毫无疑问，一个没有先进的运输系统的社会仍然是一个原始落后的社会。

现代信用证在19世纪后半叶开始采用，第一次世界大战后得到了实质性的发展。

其他参与国际贸易的形式有管理合同、承包生产和“交钥匙”工程。

在许多情况下，应通知买方在卖方将货物启运之时或之前安排验货。除非合同另有规定，否则买方必须支付为其自身利益而安排的验货费用。

In our world today, the multinational enterprises are very important vehicles for the transfer of recourses across national boundaries. Given the organizational unity of parent and affiliates within such enterprise,and the fact that they are situated in different countries,intra-organizational resource transfers between parent and affiliate or between affiliates of the same enterprise are also international transfers.

Various methods of payment have been developed to cope with different situations in international trade. When the political and economic situation in the importing country makes payment uncertain or when the buyer' S credit standing is dubious, the exporter may prefer cash in advance or partial cash in advance. In this case, the importer has no guarantee that the exporter will fulfill his obligations once he has made payment by cash.

What is the major function of the IMF? What is the relation between the IMF and the United Nations?

What is the most powerful institution of the EU? What is the executive body of the EU?

What are the three major functions of the bill of lading?