( )11、 preference

( )12、mandate

( )13、quota

( )14、 affiliate

( )15、force majeurea

a、limit placed by a government on the amount of imports or exports of a commodity

b、a practical advantage given to one over others

c、social or natural calamities that take place beyond the control of a contracting party

d、authority given to perform. a duty

e、a business concern owned or controlled in whole or in part by another concern

Who introduced the theory of comparative advantage? Which theory makes more sense,absolute advantage or comparative advantage? Give a typical example to illustrate the comparative advantage of a particular country.

Why is controlling costs a first major motivation for firms to undertake FDI?

Today few, if any, countries are economically self-sufficient. Even China, with its vast human and natural resources, has not been able to remain aloof from the world economy. In the United States, international business touches people' s lives daily.Common goods and services such as Shell gasoline stations, often identified with the United States, are. in fact, foreign owned.

International business is business conducted in more than one country, including buying and selling goods and services. Other international business activities include marketing, manufacturing, mining, and farming. In sum, international business is all the practices a business in a single country does, but at the international level.

APEC建立于在澳大利亚首都召开的一次部长级会议,当时有12个成员国出席。

固定汇率制降低了国际贸易中的风险,并是抑制通货膨胀的重要手段。

高收入国家和地区是高档消费品的主要市场,在吸引外资和对外投资方面都处于有利地位。

绝对利益理论认为,一种商品将在其耗费资源成本低的国家进行生产。

就出口商的利益而言,即期付款交单比远期付款交单有利。

ICC

Historically, counter trade was mainly conducted in the form of(21) which is a direct exchange of goods of approximately (22) value between parties,with no (23) involved. Such transactions were the very essence of business at times during which no money that is, no common medium of (24) ---existed or was available. Over time, money emerged as a convenient (25) that unlinked transactions from individual parties and their joint timing and (26) permitted greater flexibility in trading activities. Repeatedly, however, we can see returns to the barter system as a (27) of environment circumstances. Conditions that encourage such business activities are (28) of money, lack of value of or faith (29) money, lack of acceptability of money as an exchange medium, Or greater ease of transaction (30) using goods.