Passage 2

Some of the Clinton administration’s tough talk appears (tactical), intended to pressure trading partners into offering concession and to unblock stalled negotiations on several fronts. But it appears that officials are prepared to turn up the temperature on trade—and live with the consequences.In some ways, Mr. Clinton and his advisers are following the same well-trod path as the Bush administration, which threatened sanctions against the Community last year and walked away from GATT negotiations rather than sign an agreement that would provide only small gains for U.S. companies. The same political pressures from trade hawks in Congress that the Bush officials felt are now bearing down on the Clinton team.

39、“Some of the Clinton administration’s tough talk” is described as being“tactical” in the text. What is the implication of tactical in the given context?

40、What did the Clinton administration have in common with the Bushadministration in their attitude toward the EU?

41、Why did America refuse to sign a GATT agreement as mentioned in the second passage?

The contribution of agriculture to China’s financial revenue has remained quite stable over the past three decades.

Interest in imports from China is high. The Chinese consulate’s commercial section in Dubai reported a continual stream of visitors in the run-up to the exhibition from companies wanting to do business for the first time with China. More than 4,000 Chinese traders visited the emirates on government and private missions last year. As a result of this activity, China’s exports to the UAE have almost doubled from $279.5 million in 1990 to $522.7 million in 1992, according to Chinese government statistics. Dubai’s statistics show that China was the fifth largest supplier in 1990.

分值分配Interest in imports from China is high.(1分)

The Chinese consulate’s commercial section in Dubai(1分)

reported a continual stream of visitors in the run-up to the exhibition from companies wanting to do business for the first time with China.(3分)

More than 4,000 Chinese traders visited the emirates on government and private missions last year.(2分)

As a result of this activity,(1分)

China’s exports to the UAE have almost doubled from $279.5 million in 1990 to $522.7 million in 1992, according to Chinese government statistics.(2分)

Dubai’s statistics show that China was the fifth largest supplier in 1990.(2分)

One major characteristic of China’s industrialization is the development of manufacturing business.

China’s productivity mainly resulted from the transfer of labor forces to farming sectors.

The two factors that will limit China’s future growth are the industrialization process and the slowdown in labor supply.

When Cisco Systems buys another company, its primary focus is on its customers.

Passage 2

In the eyes of economists, economic growth is a phenomenon about population. First, the accumulation of capital needed to support growth comes from citizens’ saving tendencies. A labor-intensive economy has more deposit capacity than an ageing society. Secondly, economic growth relies on the growth of labor forces, especially young laborers. Sustained growth also depends on education standards.In China, labor forces are mainly outsourced from rural areas. In the past 25 years, some 160 million rural laborers have quit traditional farming and found employment in cities or non-farming sectors.Although agriculture still employs more than 60 per cent of China’s population, its share in the country’s financial revenue has declined to less than 15 per cent, dropping from 40 per cent or so in late 1970s. This also shows that China’s growth is mainly based on an industrialization course featuring expansion of the manufacturing sector.Continuous supply of labor forces has improved China’s private saving capability substantially, which means surplus income that can be reinvested to fuel economic growth.The importance of labor supply in China’s growth dynamics means it is necessary to review the way China’s population increases.After years of decline, China’s birth rate is now equivalent to that of other emerging East Asian economies. The low birth rate in the country is mainly a result of the family planning policy initiated in the late 1970s.Some scholars have estimated China will see zero growth in young laborers in 2015. Some have also projected that by 2030, 20 per cent of China’s population will be over 60-years-old, compared to 8 per cent now, and the number of pensioners will be more than 40 per cent of the number of working people.

This passage mainly talks about the importance of labor supply in China’s economic growth.

The reason why 50 percent of large-scale mergers fail is just that the companies do not let their shareholders, customers, employees and business partners make decisions.

In order to compete with other companies, Cisco is forced to go into the next round of mergers.

The word “competition” in this passage means “rivals”.