With so much focus on children ’s use of screens, it's easy for parents to forget about their ownscreen use. “Tech is designed to really suck on you in, ” says Jenny Radesky in her study play, "and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage,and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine. ” 

Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairsa food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During aseparate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents wouldbe looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants are wired to look at parents’ faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces areblank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device－it can be extremely7disconcerting foe the children. Radesky cites the “still face experiment ” devised by developmentalpsychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. 

In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normalway before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The childbecomes increasingly distressed as she tr ies to capture her mother ’s attention. "Parents don't have tobe exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsiveand sensitive to a child ’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need," says Rade sky.On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids' use of screens are bornout of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting children: “It’s based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology thatsays if you’re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.” 

Tronickbelieves that just because a child isn ’t learning from the screen doesn ’t mean there －particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break fromtheir child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get somework out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets then be more available to theirchild the rest of the time. 

26.According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to ______.

Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)You should

1) interpret the chart, and

2) give your comments.

You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. 

Suppose you are invited by Professor Williams to give a presentation about Chinese culture to agroup of international students. Write a reply to

1）Accept the invitation, and

2）Introduce the key points of your presentation.

You should write neatly on the ANWSER SHEET.

Do not sign you own name at the end of the letter, use“Li Ming” instead.

Do not write the address .

45

My Dream

My dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing. Two years beforegraduating from secondary school, I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashiondesign course. However, during that course I realised that I was not good enough in this area to compete with16

other creative personalities in the future, so I decided that it was not the right path for me. Before applying foruniversity I told everyone that I would study journalism, because writing was, and still is, one of my favouriteactivities. But, to be absolutely honest, I said it, because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dream -I knew that no one, apart from myself, could imagine me in the fashion industry at all!

44

43

Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should _____.

The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain, particularly from Donald Trump. "Wedon't make anything anymore," he told Fox News, while defending his own made-in-Mexicoclothing line. 

Without question, manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades, and further tradedeals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing. 

But there is also a different way to look at the data. 

Across the country, factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge: instead of having toomany workers, they may end up with too few. Despite trade competition and outsourcing, Americanmanufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every years. Millennialsmay not be that interested in taking their place, other industries are recruiting them with similar orbetter pay. 

For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff competition for workers－and upward pressure on wages."They're harder to find and they have job offers," says Jay Dunwell, president of Wolverine CoilSpring, a family-owned firm, "They may be coming [into the workforce], but they've been pluckedby other industries that are also doing an well as manufacturing," Mr. Dunwell has begun bringinghigh school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture. 

At RoMan Manufacturing, a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his fathercofounded in 1980, Robert Roth keep a close eye on the age of his nearly 200 workers, five areretiring this year. Mr. Roth has three community-college students enrolled in a work-placementprogram, with a starting wage of $13 an hour that rises to $17 after two years. 

At a worktable inside the transformer plant, young Jason Stenquist looks flustered by the coppercoils he's trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors. It's his first week on the job. Askedabout his choice of career, he says at high school he considered medical school before switching toelectrical engineering. "I love working with tools. I love creating." he says. 

But to win over these young workers, manufacturers have to clear another major hurdle: parents,who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the Great Depression, telling them toavoid the factory. Millennials "remember their father and mother both were laid off. They blame iton the manufacturing recession," says Birgit Klohs, chief executive of The Right Place, a businessdevelopment agency for western Michigan.

These concerns aren't misplaced: Employment in manufacturing has fallen from 17 million in 1970to 12 million in 2013. When the recovery began, worker shortages first appeared in the high-skilledtrades. Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skill levels."

The gap is between the jobs that take to skills and those that require a lot of skill," says Rob Spohr,a business professor at Montcalm Community College. "There're enough people to fill the jobs atMcDonalds and other places where you don't need to have much skill. It's that gap in between, andthat's where the problem is." 

Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community points to another key to luring Millennials intomanufacturing: a work/life balance. While their parents were content to work long hours, youngpeople value flexibility. "Overtime is not attractive to this generation. They really want to live theirlives," she says. 

A、says that he switched to electrical engineering because he loves working withtools。 

B、 points out that there are enough people to fill thejobs that don ’t need much skill 。 

C、points out that the US doesn’t manu facture anything anymore。 

D、believes that it is important to keep a close eye on the age of his workers。 

[E] says that for factory owners，workers are harder to find because of stiff competition。 

[F] points out that a work/life balance can attract young people into manufacturing。 

[G] says that the manufacturing recession is to15blame for the lay-off the young people’s parents 。 

41.Jay Deuwell______________ 

42.Jason Stenquist______________ 

43.Birgit Klohs______________ 

44.Rob Spohr______________ 

45.Julie Parks______________

41__________

42

The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to _____.