2017年考博英语模拟试题及答案3

In politics, in the courts, even on the ubiquitous TV talk shows, it is good form. to pick an intellectual fight. People attach each other -- hurl insults, even-and it counts as logical argument. I cannot understand it.

(1) It seems that our society favors a kind of ritualized aggression. Everywhere you look, in newspapers and on television, issues are presented using the terminology of war and conflict. We hear of battles duels (决斗) and disputes. We see things in terms of winners and losers, victors. and victims.

(2) The problem is society's unquestioning belief in the advantages of the debate as a way of solving disagreements, even proving right from wrong. Our brainwashing begins early at school, When the brightest pupils are co-opted onto the debating system.They get there because they can think up a good argument go support their case. Once on the debate team, they learn that they earn bonus points for the skill with which they verbally attack, or insult, the opposing team.(3) They win if they can successfully convince the audience that they are right, even if the case they are arguing is clearly non-sensual. They do this by proving themselves to be stronger, brighter, more outrageous, even.

The training in this adversarial approach continues at out tertiary institutions. The standard way to present an academic paper, for instance, is to take up an opposing argument to something expressed by another academic. The paper must set out to prove the other person wrong. This is not at all the same thing as reading the original paper with an open mind and discovering that you disagree with it.

 The reverence for the adversarial approach spills over into all areas of life. Instead of answering their critics, politicians learn to sidestep negative comments and turn the point around to an attack on accusers. Defense lawyers argue the case for their clients event when they suspect they may be guilty. And ordinary people use the came tactics -- just listen to your teenager next time you pull him up for coming home late. You can be sure a stream of abuse will flow about your own time-keeping, your irritating habits, your history of bad parenting.

Nowadays, traffic problem remains one of the most serious situations in urban areas. Write an essay of 200 words to discuss this topic. Your essay must include the instructions as follows:

     1. Present situations

     2. Possible reasons

     3. What should be done to solve this problem

去年12月份的海啸掀开了印度一个古代港口城市的面纱，目前印度潜水员发现了更多实证。

1．考古学家（archaeologists）表示，印度南部海岸附近海底发现的石头建筑明显是人工制造的它们可能是传说中的马哈巴利普兰古·城的一部分。

2．神话中说这座城市太美丽以至于诸神唤来洪水，淹没了城内七座寺庙里的六座。当强大的海浪袭击了米尔纳德邦省的海岸，冲走了沙滩上的石子后，神庙遗迹露出了海面。

3．就在海啸（tsunami）发生前，有居民报告退潮时看到一座寺庙和其他建筑物，印度的考古学家调查组堕后派出了潜水探察队。这些新发现位于马哈巴利普兰寺庙附近，马哈巴利普兰寺庙建于公元7世纪，有人说这些建筑侥幸逃过了诸神的惩罚。

“我们发现了一些显然是人工修建的石头结构的建筑物。探察队领队阿洛克·特里帕蒂对记者说。“它们是用完美的长方形石块按一定样式搭建而成的。”

4．海啸带来的这件古代“礼物”将于下月在印度德里举行的海上考古学国际研讨会上露面。

二月份早些时候，在马哈巴利普兰还有其他一些发现，包括和这座寺庙年代相仿的一只花岗岩石狮，专家认为在海啸冲走浮沙之前，它已经在海底埋藏了数个世纪了。

5．过去的3年中，考古学家一直在这片遗址工作。在另一次潜水探测中，他们发现一座沉没水中的城市，里面至少有一座寺庙。

有关马哈巴利普兰的种种传说最早是由英国旅行家戈丁汉姆记载的。1798年他访问印度时，听到了”七座宅塔：’的神话传说。