电子商务英语2011年1月真题试题及答案解析（00888）

电子商务的交易通常涉及几个互动的步骤。 (involve, interactive steps)

应该由你决定是否实施这一计划。(up to, carry out)

愿意买该产品的人越多，价格就降得越多。(the more, the more)

我们要事先准备所有申请材料。(in advance, application materials)

为了获得市场份额，他们必须竭尽全力。(market share, go to lengths)

smart cards

阅读下面的短文，然后把划线的句子翻译成汉语。

It has been a tumultuous time for dot-com start-ups. In fact, Gartner, Inc. estimates that over 75% of e-commerce start-ups will end in failure. (71) [While it is tempting to blame prevailing market conditions for this failure rate, the fact is that early planning ultimately determines the potential success or failure of a start-up.] This whitepaper helps managers understand the characteristics that contribute to successful start-ups. (72) [Importantly, this work also includes a valuable diagnostic survey that helps entrepreneurs quantify the strength of the business and identify problem areas.]

One thing is clear: There are a lot of ways for a new business to go out of business. (73) [Loss of focus, an inability to fulfill customer orders or service, and a mismatch of top management with the corporate culture are but a few common reasons that businesses fail.] To increase the chances of success, managers need to consider four crucial inputs: 

Management/People:The single most vital component of any business, every start-up needs a skilled management team that can execute the business plan, adapt to changing environments, and attract and retain valuable staff.

Market Opportunity:To succeed, a venture requires a business model that is adaptable, scalable, defensible, and able to generate both revenue and profits. (74) [In addition, ma-nagement must recognize the company’s market position and the potential of its ideas in the market.]

Funding:The ability of the venture to raise operating cash in order to establish profitability.

Product and Service:This defines the demand for the product, including the degree to which it addresses customer needs and the ability to provide fulfillment and client service functions.

(75) [By keeping a close eye on these found areas — strong leadership and management, good people, a solid business plan, and a product that people want to purchase—businesses can position themselves to weather inevitable challenges.]

on-line order

human resources

shopping cart

information technology

web server

sales tax

client

database

search engines

information network

net loss

earnings per share

Federal Express

整理，安排v.arr _ _ ge

尝试，试图，努力 v.att _ _ p _

market share

流行，货币 n.c_ rr _ _ _ y

卖主，卖方 n.v _ _ dor

采访，访问，面试 n. & v.inter _ _ _ _

地方，位置 n.loca _ _ _ _

幸存，比…长命 v.s _ _ vi _ _

恐吓，威胁 v.thr _ _ t _ _

战略，策略 n.str _ te _ _

声称，认领 v. & n.cl _ _ m

保留，保持 v.r _ t _ _ n

可用的，可获得的 adj.av _ _ l _ ble

合同，契约 n.c _ _ tr _ _ t

商品，货品 n.m_ _ ch _ _ dise

39、In Papousek’s experiment babies make learned movements of the head in order to ____.

40、The babies would “smile and bubble” at the lights because ____.

抵押 v. & n.m _ _ t _ _ ge

37、What does the last sentence in the passage most probably mean?

Passage 3

For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies - and other creatures - learn to do things because certain acts lead to “rewards”; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it also used to be widely believed that effective reward, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological (生理的) “drives” as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink of some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.

It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.

Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to “reward” the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children’s responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement “switched on” a display of lights —and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many three turns to one side.

Papousek’s light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would “smile and bubble” when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.

38、According to the author, babies learn to do things which ____.

36、The earliest e-commerce began in the year of ____.

35、The phrase“the first movers” in paragraph 2 most probably means ____.

Passage 2

The impact of e-commerce is happening in phases. In its first phase (1994—1997), e-commerce was about presence: making sure that everybody had a Web site, meeting the demand that every company, large or small, get out there and have at least something on the Internet. People weren’t quite sure why they were doing it, but they knew that they had to have an online presence.

The second phase (1997—2000) of e-commerce was about transactions — buying and selling over digital media. The focus in this phase was on order flow and gross revenue. Some of that was the matching of buyers and sellers who would never have found each other in the past. Some of that was simply taking transactions that would have been done through paper purchase orders and saying that this business was done on the Internet, although the meaning of that change was quite insignificant. But in this phase, the announcements were all about order flow at any cost: why-sell-it-when-you-can-give-it-away business models. As a result, many of the first movers in this phase such as Value America, are either gasping, have gasped their last breath, or are flailing about in a sea of red ink.

Today, e-commerce is entering the third phase (2000-?), with a focus on how the Internet can impact profitability. And profitability is not about increasing gross revenues but rather increasing gross margins. We call this phase e-business, and it includes all the applications and processes enabling a company to service a business transaction. In addition to encompassing e-commerce, e-business includes both front- and back-office applications that form the core of engine for modern business. Thus, e-business is not just about e-commerce transactions or about buying and selling over the Web: it’s the overall strategy of redefining old business models, with the aid of technology, to maximize customer value and profits. To paraphrase Business Week: “Forget B2B and B2C, E-business is about P2P — path to profitability.”

34、Between 1994 and 1997, companies built their web sites mainly because they ____.

33、How do flying foxes care for their young?

32、Flying foxes tend to ____.

Passage 1

The flying fox is not a fox at all. It is an extra large bat that has got a fox’s head, and that feeds on fruit instead of insects. Like all bats, flying foxes hang themselves by their toes when at rest, and travel in great crowds when out flying. A group will live in one spot for years. Sometimes several hundreds of them occupy a single tree. As they return to the tree toward sunrise, they quarrel among themselves and fight for the best places until long after daylight.

Flying foxes have babies once a year, giving birth to only one at a time. At first the mother has to carry the baby on her breast wherever she goes. Later she leaves it hanging up, and brings back food for it to eat. Sometimes a baby bat falls down to the ground and squeaks(尖叫)for help. Then the older ones swoop(俯冲)down and try to pick it up. If they fail to do so, it will die. Often hundreds of dead baby bats can be found lying on the ground at the foot of a tree.

31、Which of the following statements is true?

30、()

29、()

28、()

27、()

24、()

25、()

26、()

23、()

Several regions in the world are subject(21)storms which are so severe that they cause damage on a tremendous (22). The regions are all located on the edges of great oceans. The general term for such severe storms is “cyclone”. The term “hurricane”is (23) for storms that occur in the North Atlantic Ocean.

Cyclones and hurricanes differ in one curious way: in a cyclone, the wind(24) in a clockwise direction; in a hurricane, the wind direction is counter-clockwise. But cyclones and hurricanes have one ominous similarity. (25)the damage they cause on land and at sea, they are identical.

22、()

20. Let’s fix a ____ date for the next meeting.

19. A poor memory ____ her efforts to become an actress.

The clerk ____ the judge by looking up related precedents.

The document requires ____ changes.

The government is ____ a new education policy.

He has an unusual ____ of life.

A ____ component of any democracy is a free labor movement.

They have got into ____troubles.

He dreams to ____ his goal of serving in the army.

He soon ____ his fortune.

All you need to do ____ the form.

Get me a hammer from the kitchen, ____?

We are in a position ____ we may lose a large sum of money.

They ____out because the light is on.

I was ill that day. Otherwise I ____ part in the parade.

I often heard him____ that his family was well descended.

The lighter an object, the ____it moves.

The food that Mark is cooking in the kitchen ____ delicious.

I have so much work to do that a holiday for me this year is ____.

____broke down again but luckily they knew how to fix it.