2013年考研《英语》(一)终极突破卷三

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根据以下资料，回答下列各题：

Directions：

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese．Your translation should be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET．(10 points)

A chilling feature of the suicide video left by Mohammad Sidique Khan。the leader of the band that killed more than 50 people in London in July，2005，was the homely Yorkshire accent in which he told his countrymen that“your”government is at war with“my people”．What makes a Muslim in Britain or America wake up and decide that he is no longer a Briton 0r American but an Islamic “soldier”fighting a holy war against the infidel? Part of it must be pull，part is presumably push．

George Bush has repeated like a scratched gramophone record that Americans were at war with the terrorists who had attacked them on 9／1 1，not at war with Islam．(46)Barack 0bama has followed suit：the White House national security strategy published in May says that one way to guard against radicalisation at home is to stress that“diversity is part of our strength--not a source of division or insecurity．”This is hardly rocket science．(47)And that reminding Americans of the difference--a real one，by the way，not one fabricated for the purposes of political correctness--between Islam．a religion with a billion adherents．And AI Qaeda．a terrorist outfit that claims to speak in Islam’s name but has absolutely no right to do so．

Why would any responsible American politician want to erase that vital distinction?Good question．(48)Ask Sarah Palin，or Newt Gingrich，or the many others who have lately clamored about the offensive campaign to stop Cordoba House，a proposed community centre and mosque，from being built in New York two blocks from the site of the twin towers．

In a tweet last mortth from Alaska．Ms Palin called on“peaceful Muslims”to “repudiate ”he“ground zero mosque ”because it would“stab”American hearts．But why should it? Cordoba House is not being built by Al Qaeda．To the contrary．it is the brainchild of Imam Feisal Abdul Rauf，a well meaning American cleric who has spent years trying to promote interfaith understanding．He is modelling his project on New York’s 92nd Street Y．a Jewish community centre that reaches out to other religions．The site was selected precisely so that it might heal some of the wounds opened by the felling of the twin towers and all that followed．True．some relatives of 9／11 victims are hurt by the idea of a mosque going up near the site．(49)But that feeling of hurt makes sense only if they too buy the false idea that Muslims in general were perpetrators of the crime．Besides，what about the feelings．and fo that matter the rights，of America’s Muslims-some of whom also perished in the atrocity?

(50)It is impossible to excuse the mean spirit and scrambled logic of Mr Ginger’s assertion that “there should be no mosoue near ground zero so long as there are no churches or synagogues in Saudi Arabia”． To Mr Gingrich，it seems，all American Muslim is a Muslim first and an American second．Al Qaeda would doubtless concur．Mr Gingrich also objects to the centre’s name．Imam Feisal says he chose“Cordoba”in recollection of a time when the rest of Europe had sunk into the Dark Ages but Muslims，Jews and Christians created an oasis of art，culture and science．Mr Gingrich sees only a“deliberate insult”．a reminder of a period when Muslim conquerors ruled Spain．Like Mr bin Laden，Mr Gingrich is apparently still reiterating the victories and defeats of religious wars fought in Europe and the Middle East centuries ago．He should rejoin the modem world，before he does real harm．

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Directions：

Write an essay of 160—200 words based on the following drawing．In your essay，you should

1)describe the drawing briefly，

2)explain its intended meaning，and then

3)give your comments．

You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET．(20 points)

Directions：

One of your friends wants to apply for a job involving working with foreign teenagers．

Write a letter：

1)recommend him／her，and describe his／her past experience，

2)explain the reasons．

You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET．Do not sign your own name

at the end of the letter．Use“Zhang Wei”instead．Do not write your address．(10 points)

根据以下资料，回答下列各题：Directions：

The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order．For Questions 41-45，you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G to fill in each numbered box．The first and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes．Mark your answers Oil the ANSWER SHEET．(10 points)

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More people’s inclination to rent rather than buy a house will not_______．

It can be inferred from the passage that_______．

Which of the following statements about Generation Rent is true?

Mrs．Thatcher’S right-to-buy policy has lead to_______．

根据以下资料，回答下列各题：

For a large number of young adults in Britain，homeownership has become increasingly difficult to achieve，viewed as a distant goal attainable only later in life．if at all．

That is a significant shift for Britain．For years owners occupy a higher percentage of homes in Britain than in the United States，France or Germany．0ne reason homeownership is so attractive in Britain is because property values dropped less drastically than in the United States，in part because of a shortage in housing．Prices in some large cities，including London，have even increased recently．People still perceive a home to be a better and safer investment than a pension fund．said Andrew Hull，research fellow at the Institute for Public Policy Research．“Homeownership is also culturally entrenched．”he said．“0wning a home is the main way of showing you made it．”

The big shift toward homeownership came in the 1980s when Mrs．Thatcher issued fight-to．buy policy，which allowed many in rented government housing to buy their homes．About two million homes were sold，earning the government tens of billions of pounds．At the same time，the rental market became increasingly unattractive．Unlike Germany and otherContinental European countries，Britain’s private rental market is highly fragmented，withmany landlords and laws that generally favor the property owner．Most leases are for six months only，with landlords rarely agreeing to commit to longer terms；this makes renting highly insecure．

But as the pain of government—imposed austerity sinks in，disposable income has shrunk and loan requirements have toughened，forcing more and more Britons into renting rather than buying．Over the last lo years the number of people who owned homes here dropped to 67 percent from 70 percent．Meanwhile，the number of people in private rented housing rose to 16 percent from lo percent over the same period．according to the Office for National Statistics．Rising demand has pushed up rents by an average of 4．4 percent over the last year，according to LSL Property Services．In London rents increased 7．8 percent．

“A growing number of young would—be buyers are preparing for lifelong renting—by necessity rather than choice，”said Jonathan Moore，director of easyroommate．couk，a property Web site．Charlotte Ashton．30．has lived in rented accommodations ever since she left her parent’s home to attend university．She said she was saving for a down payment to buy her own home．“I do believe in the fundamentals of owning bricks and mortar as security for the future，more than leaving my money in the banks at a low interest rate，”said Ms． Ashton．who works in public relations．“But now it seems unless you have a very well paid job and are willing to save every penny，it’s unfeasible to buy without the help of the bank of Mum and Dad．”

Some economists are concerned that as more people are forced to wait to buy a home，it could open up a widening of the wealth gap that already exists between homeowners and non homeowners，endangering the retirement prospects for a swelling group of young adults they call“generation rent．”It could also have implications for the cohesion of neighborhoods，Alison Blackwell，a research director at the National Center for Social Research and author of the Halifax report said．Renters tend to be less involved in local communities because they are forced to move more often．And the economy as a whole may suffer because renters tend to curb spending to save for a deposit．

For British people，buying home is_______．

What concerns Mark Abrahams most is that the modified fish will________．

By“animals follow plants down the biotech route”．they author means________．

根据以下资料，回答下列各题：

The Belgian blue is an ugly but tasty cow that has 40％more muscle than it should have． It is the product of random mutation followed by selective breeding--as，indeed，are all domesticated creatures．But where an old art i／as led，a new one may follow．By understanding which genetic changes have been consolidated in the Belgian blue，it may be possible to design and build similar versions of other species using genetic engineering as a short—cut．And that is precisely what Terry Bradley，a fish biologist at the University of Rhode Island，is trying to do．Instead of cattle，he is doing it in trout．His is one of two projects that may soon put the first biotech animals on the dinner table．The other project is led by Aqua Bounty．

It is one thing to make such fish，of course．It is quite another to get them to market． First，it is necessary to receive the approval of the regulators．In America，the relevant regulator is the Food and Drug Administration(FDA)，which Aqua Bounty says it has been petitioning for more than a decade and which published guidelines for approving genetically engineered animals in 2009．Aqua Bounty has now filed its remaining studies for approval，and hopes to hear the result this year．Dr Bradley has not yet applied for approval．

The FDA is concerned mainly with the healthfulness of what people put in their mouths，and it seems unlikely that the new procedures will yield something that is unsafe to eat．But what happens if the creatures escape and start breeding in the wild?For that to be a problem，the modified fish would have to be better at surviving and reproducing than those honed by millions of years of natural selection．On the face of it．this seems unlikely． because the characteristics that have been engineered into them are ones designed to make them into better food，rather than lean，mean breeding machines．

But there is a chink in this argument．As Mark Abrahams，a biologist at Memorial University in Newfoundland，points out，it is not just the fish that have been modified by man，but also the environment in which they could escape．Many of the creatures that eat salmon and trout，such as bears and some birds，have had their ranks thinned by human activity．Dr Abrahams thinks it possible that fast—growing salmon could displace the natural sort in places where predators are rare．

What is true according to the text?

What is the author’S attitude towards the market prospect of double．muscled fish?

To address the unemployment problem mentioned in this passage，the American government should_______．

It can be inferred from last two paragraphs that the author doubts about_______．

The word assiduous is closest in meaning to________．

It is suggested in paragraph 3 that the dropping out of prime age labor force is partly due to________．

People claim the right to be forgotten for the following reasons except______.

It can be inferred from the passage that_______．

根据以下资料，回答下列各题：

In 1910．Henry Van Dyke wrote a book called The Spimt of America，which opened with this sentenee：“The Spirit of America is best known in Europe by one of its qualities—energy．”This has always been true．Americans have always been known for thelr mamc dvnamism．Some condemned this ambition as a scrambling after money.Others saw it in loftier terms．But energy has always been the country’s saving feature.

So Americans should be especially alert to signs that the country is becoming less vital and assiduous．One of those signs comes to us from the labor market. According to figures from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development，the United States has a smailer share of prime age men in the work force than any other G-7 nation.

Part of the problem has to do with human capital．More American men lack the

emotional and professional skills they would need to contribute．According to data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics，35 percent of those without a high school diploma are out of the labor force．compared with less than lo percent of those with a college degree．Part of the Droblem has to do with structural changes in the economy．Sectors like government，health care and high．tech have been growing，generating jobs for collegegrads. Sectors like manufacturing，agriculture and energy have been getting more productive，but they have not been generating more jobs．Instead，companies are using machines or foreign workers.

The resuIt is this：There are probably more idle men now than at any time slnce the Great Depression. and this time the problem is mostly structural，not cyclical．This is a big Droblem．It can’t be addressed through the sort of short—term Keynesian stimulus some on the left are still fantasizing about．It can’t be solved by simply reducing the size of government，as some on the right imagine．

It will．probably require a broad menu of policies attacking the problem all at once： expanding community colleges and online learning；changing the corporate tax code and labor market rules to stimulate investment；adopting German-style. labor market practices like apprenticeship programs，wage subsidies and programs that extend benefits to the unemployed for six months as they start small businesses．

Reinvigorating the missing fifth--bringing them back into the labor market and using their capabilities-will certainly require money．If this were a smart country．we’d be having a debate about how to shift money from programs that provide comfort and toward programs that spark reinvigoration．

But，of course，that’S not what is happening．Discretionary spending，which might be used to instigate dynamism，is declining．Health care spending，which mostly provides comfort to those beyond working years，is expanding．Attempts to take money from health care to open it up for other uses are being crushed．We’re locking in the nation’S wealth into the Medicare program and closing off any possibility that we might do something significant to reinvigorate the missing fifth．Next time you see a politician demagoguing Medicare，ask this：Should we be using our resources in the manner of a nation in decline or one still committed to stoking the energy of its people and continuing its rise?

The loss of American dynamism concerned by the author is mainly manifested in the fact that_______．

The aim of “the right to be forgotten” is to________．

Jesus Rubi mentions official government gazette in order to, illustrate that its onlinepublication______.

根据以下资料，回答下列各题：

Spain’s government is now championing a cause called “theright to be orgotten”．It has ordered Google to stop indexing information about 90 citizens who filed formal complaints with its Data Protection Agency．All 90 people wanted information deleted from the Web．Among them was a victim of domestic violence who discovered that her address could easily be found through Google．Another，well into middle age now，thought it was unfair that a few computer key strokes could unearth an account of her arrest in her college days．

They might not have received much of a heating in the United States，where Google is based and where courts have consistently found that the right to publish the truth about someone’S past supersedes any right to privacy．But here，As elsewhere in Europe，an ideahas taken hold--individuals should have a“right to be forgotten”on the Web．

In fact，the phrase“right to be forgotten”is being used to cover a batch of issues，ranging from those in the Spanish case to the behavior. of companies seeking to make money from private information that can be collected on the Web．

Spain，s Data Protection Agency believes that search engines have altered the process by which most data ends up forgotten--and therefore adjustments need to be made．The deputy director of the agency．Jesfis Rubi，pointed to the official government gazette(公报)，which used to publish every weekday，including bankruptcy auctions，official pardons，and who Dassed the civil service exams．Usually 220 pages of fine print，it quickly ended up gathering dust on various backroom shelves．The information was still there，but not easily accessible．

Then two years ago，the 350．year．old publication went online，making it possible for embarrassing information--no matter how 0ld—to be obtained easily．

The publisher of the government publication，Fernando P6rez，said it was meant to foster transparency．Lists of scholarship winners，for instance，make it hard for the goverment officials to steer all the money to their own children．“But maybe，”he said，“there is infomation that has a life cycle and only has value for a certain time．”

Many Europeans are broadly uncomfortable with the way personal information is found by search engines and used for commerce．When ads pop up on one’s screen，clearly linked to subjects that are of interest to him，one may find it Orwellian．A recent poll conducted by the European Union found that most Europeans agree．Three out of four said they were worried about how Internet companies used their information and wanted the right to delete personal data at any time．Ninety percent wanted the European Union to take action on the right to be forgotten．

Experts say that Google and other search engines see some of these court cases as an assault on a principle of law already established--that search engines are essentially not responsible for the information they corral from the Web，and hope the Spanish court agrees.

The companies believe if there are privacy issues，the complainants should address those who posted the material on the Web．But some experts in Europe believe that search engines should probably be reined in．“They are the ones that are spreading the word．Without them no one would find these things．”

“The right to be forgotten”refers to public’s right to________．

根据以下资料，回答下列各题：

It has been justly said that while“ we speak with our vocal organs we__1___wlth our whole bodies．”All of US communicate with one another___2___，as well as with words.

Sometimes we know what we’re doing，as with the use of gestures such as the thumbs’up sign to indicate that we __ 3__ ．But most of the time we’re not aware that we’re doing it．We gesture with eyebrows or a hand，meet someone else’S eyes and __4__ ．These actions we __ 5__are random and incidental．But researchers___6___that there is a system of them almost as consistent and comprehensible as language，and they conclude that there is a whole___7___of body language．__ 8__the way we move，the gestures we employ，the posture we adopt，the facial expression we___9___，the extent to which we touch and distance we stand___10___each other．

Body language serves a variety of purposes．Firstly it can replace verbal mmunication， __ 11___with the use of gesture．Secondly it can modify verbal communication. Loudness and ___12 ___ 0f voice is an example here．Thirdly it regulates social interaction：turn taking IS largely governed by onverbal___13___．Fourthly it conveys our emotions and attitude. This is __ 14__important for successful cross—cultural communication．

Every culture has its own body language，and children absorb its nuances___15___with sDoken language．The way an Englishman crosses his legs is___16___ like the way a male American does it．When we communicate with people from other cultures，the body language sometimes help make the communication easy and___17___，such as shaking hand is such a __ 18__gesture that people all over the world know that it is a signal for greeting.But sometimes the body language can cause certain misunderstanding___19___ people of different cultures often have different forms of behavior. for sending the same message or have different__ 20__towards the same body signals．