2014年考研《英语》考前预测试卷(三)

Part B

52.Directions:

A) Title: Parents are too Permissive with Their Children Nowadays

B) Your composition should be based on the Outline given in Chinese below:

1.孩子成为家庭的中心，父母日渐失去应有的权威。

2.父母对孩子的溺爱和忽视导致表少年犯罪。

3.孩子的生活过于安逸对他们日后的成长不利。

You should write about 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET H. (20 points)

Part A

51.Directions:

Your friend Steven and Jenny have just had a new baby boy. Please write a letter to congratulate them. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET II. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. You do not need to write the address. ( 10 points )

50.____________

48.____________

49.____________

47.____________

43.____________

• 正确
• 错误

Part C

Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET II. (10 points)

According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. 46)Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. 47) "In short" pa leader of the new school contend% "the scien tific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions".

48)Over the year% tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. The modern school that hails technology argues that such masters as Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, Einstein, and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to, and derived great benefit from, craft information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments.

The centerpiece of the argument of a technology-yes, genius-no advocate was an analysis of Galileo's role at the start of the scientific revolution. The wisdom of the day was derived from Ptolemy, an astronomer of the second century, whose elaborate system of the sky put Earth at the center of all heavenly motions. 49)Galileo's greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve mound the sun rather than around the Earth. But the real hero of the story, according to the new school of scientists, was the long evolution in the improvement of machinery for making eyeglasses.

Federal policy is necessarily involved in the technology vs. genius dispute. 50)Whether the Government should in- crease the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa(反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.

46.____________

Part B

Directions: In the following article, some sentences ]tare been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the numbered blank, There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET I. ( 10 points)

On the ground floor of a five story building in Rome, Italy, a lead aproned man carefully places a 400-year-o. ld painting on a table. Then he steps back and flips the switch of a 50,000-volt X-ray machine. Nearby, another painting is being wheeled into a special oven. Elsewhere the buzz of a power saw is heard from behind a closed door. Two workers are cutting the back off a 500-year-old wood panel painting.

Such things happen every day at Rome' s Institute of Restoration. 41)____________In terms of an treasures, Italy is one of the richest countries in the world. Yet until 1939, when Italy' s government founded the Institute, the country" s museums had to hire private restorers for cleaning and repair jobs. Says Doctor Urbani, "Most of the restorers did not have proper training. They often did more harm than good."

No wonder they did harm. 42)____________.

43)____________. Sometimes they even changed the picture.

• Any number of things can damage 'an art work. Smog eats away at stone and metal. Insects chew wood. Moisture causes wood and canvas to swell, shrink and finally rot. For one art show, a painting was flown from England to Rome. During the flight, the canva
• Doctor Urbani remembers, "The painting was rushed to us. It looked hopeless. But we never give up on a case." After months of slow, careful work, every piece of paint had been puzzled back together and glued on a new canvas. The job was so well done that

40. From the text we can see that the writer seems______.

• A) optimistic          
• B) sensitive           
• C) gloomy          
• D) scared

39. We can draw a conclusion from the text that______.

• A) oil-price shocks are less shocking now
• B) inflation seems irrelevant to oil -price shocks
• C) energy conservation can keep down the oil prices
• D) the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry

38. The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries______.

• A) heavy industry becomes mare energy-intensive
• B) income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil. prices
• C) manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed
• D) oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP

37. It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go up dramatically if______.

• A) price of crude rises                        
• B) commodity prices rise
• C) consumption rises                          
• D) oil taxes rise

Text 4

Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply - cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $ 26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December. This near - tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979 -80, when they also almost tri- pled. Both previous shocks resulted in double - digit inflation and global economic decline. So there are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time?

The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil experts. Strengthening economic growth, al the' same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short Item.

Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, tuxes account for up to four - fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past.

Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the 'oil price. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP (in constant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, oil prices averaged $ 22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25 - 0.5% of GDP. That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies—to which heavy industry has shifted—have become more energy-intensive, and se could he more seriously squeezed.

One more reason net to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand. A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. The Economist's commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%, and in 1979 by almost 30%.

36. The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is______.

• A) global inflation                            
• B) reduction in supply
• C) fast growth in economy                      
• D) Iraq' s suspension of exports

35. What can we infer from the passage?

• A) Human can be totally replaced by machines in agriculture.
• B) We cannot see mechanization in Africa,
• C) As long as adaptations been made, mechanization will be used in agriculture in tropical area.
• D) The number of farmers who run a farm in America is less then thai of the farmer who run a farm of under developed countries.

33. In the tropical areas,______.

• A)mechanization is not yet used in agriculture
• B)agriculture is accepted fastest
• C) a lot of farm work is still done in the old way
• D) mechanization is avoided to save primitive forest

34. By saying that "the problems of mechanizing some areas are not only cultural in nature", the author means______.

• A) mechanization is not yet introduced in some areas for economic reasons
• B) human and animal labour in some areas are less expensive
• C)culture is not a factor in obstacling the introduction of mechanization
• D) different kinds of mechanized fanning tools are used in different cultures

30. In Paragraph 2, the word "shackled" means ______.

• A) connected          
• B) pleased            
• C) restricted        
• D ) disappointed

Text 3

The full influence of mechanization began shortly after 1850, when a variety of machines came rapidly into use. The introduction of these machines frequently created rebellions by workers who were fearful that the machines would rob them of their work. Patrick Bell, in Scotland, and Cyrus McCormick, in United States, produced threshing machines. Improve- meats were made in plows to compensate for different soil types. Stream power came into use in 1860s on large farms. Hay rakes, hay-loaders, and various special harvesting machines were produced, Milking machines appeared. The internal-combustion engine run by gasoline became the chief power source for the farm.

In time, the number of certain farm machines that came into use skyrocketed and changed the nature of fanning. Be-tween 1940 and 1960, for example, 12 million horses and mules gave way to 5 million tractors. Tractors offer many. features that are attractive to farmers. There are, for example, numerous attachments: cultivators that can penetrate the s0il to varying depths, rotary hoes that chop weeds; spray devices that can spray pesticides in bands 100 feet across, and many others.

• A piece of equipment has now been invented or adapted for virtually every laborious hand or animal operation On the farm. lathe United States, for example, cotton, tobacco, hay, and grain are planted, treated for pests and diseases, fertilized, cultivated
• A) the introduction of machines into agricultural work created rebellions on the part of the farmers
• B) the use of internal combustion engine as a chief power source for the farm produced great influence
• C) the mechanization of agricultural work after 1850 gradually robbed many farmers of their work
• D) ingenious improvements were made in fanning machines in the 1860s to yield production

32. In .the first sentence of the second paragraph, the word skyrocketed, most probably means ______.

• A) became various                             
• B) was updated
• C)increased rapidly                           
• D) remained the same

29. The author believes the real cause for the increase of divorces today is that______.

• A)people have too many sources of entertainment
• B) people have less internal restraints
• C) people no longer enjoy family life as they did before
• D)people do not want to be confined by marital ties

28. In the author's opinion, a divorce is not an evil act ______.

• A) if the marital life is imperfect
• B)if it leads to a more worthwhile life for the two persons
• C)it the couple later get roamed again and and real love
• D)if the couple live far away from each other

Text 2

• A good marriage means growing as a couple but also growing as individuals. This isn't easy, marriage has always been difficult. Why then are we seeing so many divorces at this time7 Yes, our modern social fabric is thin, and yes the permissiveness of soci
• A divorce is not an evil act. Sometimes it provides salvation (拯救)for people who have grown hopelessly apart or were frozen in patterns of pain or mutual unhappiness. Divorce can be like the first cut of the surgeon' s knife, a step toward new health and
• A) requires considerable sacrifice on both partners
• B) requires that the couple be emotionally involved
• C) allows for the growth of the husband and wife as a couple and as two individuals
• D) is only an illusion in today's society

27. In Paragraph 2, the word" legitimate" most probably means ______.

• A) lawful          
• B) biological           
• C) personal          
• D) reasonable

25. When could the risk of asbestos disappeared according to the passage?

• A) When we adopt the researchers' advice.
• B) When we don't use asbestos.
• C) For many years from now, it will not disappear.
• D) The council have already find ways to prevent the risk.

23. It can be inferred from the passage that the real danger comes from ______.

• A)the asbestos dust that people take in
• B) the contact of the worker's skin with asbestos particles
• C) the inferior quality of the asbestos itself
• D)the excessive use of man made asbestos material

24. Evidence from the economists and the building industries shows that ______.

• A) exposure to asbestos fibres is cancer-causing
• B) asbestos is in extensive use in building industry
• C) use of asbestos is being reduced gradually
• D) exposure to asbestos fibres can be reduced significantly

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A ,B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET I. (40 points )

Text 1

In 1967, in response to widespread public concern aroused by medical reports of asbestos that related deaths, the National Medical Research Council organized a committee of enquiry to investigate the health threats associated with the use of asbestos in the building industry.

• After examining evidences provided by medical researchers and building workers and management, the Council published a report which included advices for dealing with asbestos. The report confirmed the findings of similar research in the United States and
• As a result, the council gave a series of recommendations which were intended to reduce the risks to those who might be exposed to asbestos in working environments. They recommended that, where possible, asbestos free materials should be employed. In case
• A critical factor takes place in risk reduction is the adequate ventilation of the working environment. When work takes place in an enclosed space, more asbestos particles circulate and it was therefore recommended that natural or machine ventilation shou
• A) only when asbestos is used in building industry
• B) only when it is used in large quantities
• C)even if it is used in small quantities
• D) if they are used when wet rather than dry

22. Exposure to asbestos fibres is harmful to people' s health ______.

• A) so the use of asbestos is limited
• B)but asbestos will continue to be used for a long time to come
• C) so other new kinds of materials are under development
• D) but they will not be so when ventilation devices are used

19.

• 19. A) formation           
• B) explosion          
• C) eruption         
• D) propulsion

20.

• 20. A) due to            
• B ) apt for           
• C) all but         
• D) prior to

17.

• 17. A) beside            
• B) at               
• C) by
• D) on

18.

• 18. A) times above         
• B) time               
• C) times in
• D) times

16.

• 16. A) affected             
• B) respected          
• C) protected        
• D) connected

15.

• 15. A) would expect        
• B) expects          
• C) expect             
• D) expected

14.

• 14. A) environment         
• B) field              
• C) layer            
• D) shell

12.

• 12. A) unexpectedly        
• B) actually            
• C ) disappointedly    
• D) practically

13.

• 13. A) performances        
• B) operations          
• C) functions         
• D) workings:

9.

• 9. A) put in               
• B) take over          
• C) make up         
• D) set off

10.

• 10. A) number             
• B) figure             
• C) share            
• D) proportion

11.

• 11. A) suffered             
• B ) suffer              
• C) suffering         
• D) to suffer

8.

• 8. A) retreat               
• B) reserve            
• C) resort            
• D) refuge

7.

• 7. A) chemistry            
• B) construction        
• C) physiology       
• D) constitution

5.

• 5. A) still                 
• B) even              
• C) then             
• D) also

6.

• 6. A) but                  
• B) because            
• C) unless           
• D) when

4.

• 4. A) survey               
• B) reveal             
• C) predict          
• D) release

2.

• 2. A) this                 
• B) such              
• C) so              
• D) either

3.

• 3. A) rings                
• B) cycles             
• C) circles           
• D) rounds

Directions: Re

• Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A ,B,t2 or D on ANSWER SHEET I. (10 points)
• Black death that drove Newton from his college and into a momentous discovery, (1) England in 1665. Astronomical records of the time show that  (2)  was a year of intense sun-spot activity, and studies of annual tree &nb
• B) swept              
• C) covered          
• D) spread