IEEE802定义的局域网参考模型中；只包括了物理层和数据链路层，其中LLC通过其LLC地址为高层提供服务访问的接口，这个接口是(17)。在LLC帧中，广播地址是通过(18)表示的，将数据链路层划分成LLC和MAC的主要目的是(19)。在CSMA/CD传输控制方式中，冲突次数多的一个帧，其发送的优先程度(20)。在DQDB协议中，一个站点得到一个空时槽时，它可以使用或放过，这是通过(21)。

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VRML is a(71)for 3D multimedia and shared virtual worlds on the WWW. In comparison to HTML, VRML adds the next level of interaction, structured graphics, and extra(72)(z and time)to the presentation of documents. The applications of VRML are(73), ranging from simple business graphics to entertaining WWW page graphics, manufacturing, scientific, entertainment, and educational applications, and 3D shared virtual worlds and communities.

 X3D is the name under which the development of VRML is continued. X3D is based on XML and is backwards(74)with VRML. Furthermore, it is componentized, profiled, and extensible, which makes it possible to use X3D in very different(75), from high-end visualizations to lightweight applications.

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Most IP layer-based proxy mechanisms, such as network address translation(NAT), only support uni-directional proxy, from the internal network to external network(the Internet). The proxy establishes the communication channel by(66)IP addresses. The IP addresses must be(67). These proxy mechanisms prevent applications that must establish return data channels from establishing their data channels, such as, multimedia applications. IP layer-based proxy mechanisms need additional software(68)for each application that uses(69)channels. SOCKS identifies communication targets through domain names, overcoming the restriction of using private IP addresses. SOCKS can use domain names to establish communication between separate LANs, with(70)IP addresses.