The two (or possibly more) groups use their native languages as a basis for a rudimentary language of few lexical items and “straightforward” grammatical rules. Such a marginal language is called p________.

What are the four maxims of the Cooperative Principle? Please give examples to show how the flouting of these maxims gives rise to conversational implicature (Give at least two examples, each flouting a different maxim).

hierarchical structure

Explain briefly the four main individual learner factors that affect a learner's acquisition of a second language.

the critical period hypothesis

euphemism

idiolect

Broca's area

internal borrowing

displacement

synonymy