According to the “principles-and-parameters” theory, “principles” refer to highly abstract properties of grammar which are applied to language in general and which generate phrases and at the same time restrain the power of Move α, while “parameters” allow general principles to operate in certain restricted ways, according to which particular grammars of natural languages vary.

What are the four maxims of the Cooperative Principle? Please give examples to show how the flouting of these maxims gives rise to conversational implicature (Give at least two examples, each flouting a different maxim).

hierarchical structure

Explain briefly the four main individual learner factors that affect a learner's acquisition of a second language.

the critical period hypothesis

euphemism

idiolect

Broca's area

internal borrowing

displacement

synonymy