One striking fact about the asymmetry between male and female terms in many languages is that when there are male/female pairs, the male form for the most part is unmarked and the female term is produced by adding a bound morpheme or by compounding.

What are the four maxims of the Cooperative Principle? Please give examples to show how the flouting of these maxims gives rise to conversational implicature (Give at least two examples, each flouting a different maxim).

hierarchical structure

Explain briefly the four main individual learner factors that affect a learner's acquisition of a second language.

the critical period hypothesis

euphemism

idiolect

Broca's area

internal borrowing

displacement

synonymy