Passage 4

 If you are looking for an explanation of why we don't get tough with criminals, you need only look at the numbers. Each year almost a third of the households in America are victims of violence or theft. This amounts to more than 41 million crimes, many more than we are able to punish. There are also too many criminals. We don't have room for any more!

 The painful fact is that the more crime there is, the less we are able to punish it. We think that punishment prevents crime, but it just might be the other way around. When there is so much crime it is simply impossible to deal with it or punish it. This is the situation we find ourselves in today: the gradual increase in the criminal population has made it more difficult to get into prison. Some of the most exclusive prisons now require about five serious crimes before a criminal is accepted.

 These features show that it makes little sense to blame the police or judges for being soft on criminals. There is not much else they can do. The police can't find most criminals and those they do find are difficult and costly to convict. Those convicted can't all be sent to prison. The public demands that we do everything we can against crime. The practical reality is that there is very little the police, courts or prisons can do about the crime problem.

 We could, of course, get tough with the people we already have in prison and keep them locked up for longer periods of time. Yet when measured against the lower crime rates this would probably produce, longer prison sentences are not worth the cost to states and local governments. Besides, those states that have tried to gain voters' approval for building new prisons often discover that the public is unwilling to pay for prison constructions And if it were willing to pay, long prison sentences may not be effective in reducing crime.

 More time spent in prison is also more expensive The best estimates are that it costs an average of $13,000 to keep a person in prison for one year. If we had a place to keep the 124,000 released prisoners, it would have cost us $1. 6 billion to prevent 15,000 crimes. This works out to more than $100,000 per crime prevented. But there is more. With the average cost of prison construction running around $50,000 per bed, it would cost more than $6 billion to build the necessary cells. The first-year operating cost would be $150,000 per crime prevented, worth it if the victim were you or me, but much too expensive to be feasible as a national policy.

 Faced with the reality of the numbers, I will not be so foolish as to suggest a solution to the crime problem. My contribution to the public debate begins and ends with this simple observation: getting tough with criminals is not the answer.

By saying "it just might be the other way around"(ParA. 2), the writer means( )

(63)Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness and indulgence towards their children.Some may be especially strict in money matters; others are severe over times of coming home at night, punctuality for meals or personal cleanliness (64)In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child's own happiness and well-being.(65)As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching.To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality. (66)Also, parents should realize that "example is better than precept".(67)If they are hypocritical and do not practice what they preach, their children may grow confused and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent deceived.A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents ethics and their morals can be a dangerous disillusion.

In industry, whom do public relations personnel keep in touch with? How do they work?

Passage 4

 Public relations is management function that creates, develops, and carries out policies and programs to influence public opinion or public reaction about an idea, a product, or an organization. The field of public relations has become an important part of the economic, social and political pattern of life in many nations. That field includes advertising, promotional activities, and press contact. Public relations also exists at the same time in business with marketing and merchandising to create the climate in which all selling functions occur.

 Public relations activities in the modern world help institutions to cope successfully with problems, to build prestige for an individual or a group to promote products, and to win elections. The majority of public relations workers are staff employees working within a corporate or institutional framework. Others operate in public relations counseling firms.

 In industry, public relations personnel keeps management informed of changes in the opinions of various publics that is, the groups of people whose support is needed): employees, stockholders, customers, dealers, the community, and the government. These professionals counsel management as to the impact of any action or lack of action on the behavior. of the target audiences. Once an organizational decision has been made, the public relations person has the task of communication nation to the public using methods that promote understanding, and desired behavior. For example, a hospital merger, an industrial plant closing, or the introduction of a new product all require public relations and planning skill.

 Public relations activities are a major part of the political affairs in many nations. Politician seeking office, government agencies seeking acceptance and cooperation, officials seeking support and foreign governments seeking aid and allies abroad all make extensive use of counseling services provided by public relations specialists.Public relations also plays an important role in the entertainment industry. The theater, motion, pictures, sports, restaurants, and individuals all use public relations services to increase their business, or add to their image. Other public relations clients are educational, social service and charitable institutions, trade unions, religious groups, and professional societies.

 The successful public relations practitioner is a specialist in communication arts and persuasion. Specialized skills are required to handle public opinion research, media relations, direct mail activities, institutional advertising, publications, film and video production, and special events. Public relations services are so far virtually unused in many developing nations, but they are likely to be a future government concern.

According to the passage, what is the definition of public relations?What is the function of public relations in modern world?

Apple delight hold strength give up experience

Lie desperate be packed with  walk out of happy  step out

 I committed suicide! I took some poison and soon found myself lying on the ground, bitterly but happily.When I was a little girl, I once looked at a knife and thought of death after(51)( ) some very sad things that a seven-year-old girl could not bear. But I was so afraid of death that I (52)( )

 that crazy idea. Now over ten years have slipped away, became so brave that I was not afraid of death

 (53)( ) on the ground with pain in my stomach, I felt relief and happiness of death. I thought of nothing that could not be left behind. I was even happy for my dear parents, for they could raise another child who was most able to realize all their expectation and hope, and to take care of them when they get olD. They are the only people in the world who deserve all the happiness and care. They would be so happy that they would forget me soon. I imagined what Heaven would there would be no disillusion, no worry and anxiety, no hardship, no harsh word, and no expectation and pressure. It only had all the beautiful things in life. At the moment a strange feeling came up to me and little by little I felt hard to breathe and more pain all over my body. More strangely, unlike most people who end their lives(54)( ) I had no fear at all. Everything peace. Thus I closed my eyes, as if I were to sleep to have a wonderful dream, which angels and God would be in it.

 Many of you may say I'm a coward. I'm so fragile that I fear what the future may bring to me. But you are all wrong! When I am not afraid of death of what else on earth I am afraid?

 I closed my eyes, but I saw many beautifully colorful circles through a long tunnel. They hit my face and my body but I did not feel hurt. Then here came still darkness, nothing to be seen. Suddenly, I heard a voice speaking to me. I listened, and it was telling a story.

 It told of a man who was lost in a big, hot desert when he met a big sandstorm. He had lost all his backpacks which(55)( ) food and water. Only a green apple was left in his pocket. "I have an apple!" said the man excitedly. (56)( ) the apple in his hand, he walked, walked, and walked. Two day passed, and there were several times when he wanted to give up in hunger and thirst. But when he thought he still had the tasty apple, his strength was after three days, he finally (58)( ) the desert with the once green, tasty apple, which became dry and not tasty anymore, in his hand.

 It is a good story, I thought, and it may be the story told to everyone who is going up to Heaven. I became very sad, though, for I had given up my life. There was no"(59)( ) for me to help me hold on in the desert of life. Or was there?

 Suddenly, the voice stopped, and there came a light far away, in the end of the tunnel. Excited and(60)( ) I flew fast to it. It occurred to me that there would be Heaven, inside the light, welcoming me!

( lonely) Feelings of is certainly one of those tough things many students studying abroad have to cope with.

(consider) After careful( ) the committee decided to recommend Mr. Smith for the post.

(sympathy) I( )with you; I've had similar unhappy experience myself

(promote) We are doing special of our paperback list.

(deep) When people came to the airport to see him off, he spoke with great( ) of feeling about how kind they had been to him.

(ignore) We are in complete( ) of your plans.