A land free from destruction(破坏), plus wealth, natural resources, and labor supply—all these were important【C1】______in helping England to become the center for the Industrial Revolution. But they were not enough. Something【C2】______was needed to start the industrial process. That " something special" was men—creative individuals who could invent machines, find new【C3】______of power, and establish business organizations to reshape(改造)society.  The men who created the machines of the Industrial Revolution【C4】______from many backgrounds and many occupations. Many of them were more inventors than scientists. A man who is a【C5】______scientist is primarily interested in doing his research accurately. He is not necessarily working【C6】______that his findings can be used. An inventor or one interested in applied science is usually trying to make something that has an actual【C7】______. He may try to solve a problem by using the theories of science or by experimenting through correct and error. Regardless of his method, he is working to obtain a【C8】______result: the construction of a harvesting machine, the burning of a light bulb, or one of many other objectives. Most of the people who【C9】______the machines of the Industrial Revolution were inventors, not trained scientists. A few were both scientists and inventors. Even those who had little or no training in science might not have made their inventions【C10】______a ground work had not been laid by scientists years before.

 21.【C1】

80． 不注意英语的习惯说法我们就不可能把英语学好。(cannot…without…)

78． 是现代技术使我们走向成功。(lead to)

79． 这些结果表明他没有说实话。(suggest)

76． 你设计的过程本身并不是最终目标。(end)

77． 大多数单亲父母发现独自照顾家庭有困难。(single parent)

74． 【T4】

73． 【T3】

75． 【T5】

72． 【T2】

According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge.【T1】Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.【T2】"In short" , a leader of the new school contends, "the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions. "【T3】Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science.The modern school that hails technology argues that such masters as Galileo, Newton, Maxwell , Einstein, and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to, and derived great benefit from, craft information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments. The centerpiece of the argument of a technology-yes, genius-no advocate was an analysis of Galileo's role at the start of the scientific revolution. The wisdom of the day was derived from Ptolemy , an astronomer of the second century, whose elaborate system of the sky put Earth at the center of all heavenly motions.【T4】Galileo's greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth.But the real hero of the story, according to the new school of scientists, was the long evolution in the improvement of machinery for making eyeglasses. Federal policy is necessarily involved in the technology vs. genius dispute.【T5】Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa(反之)often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.

71． 【T1】