There are two methods of fighting, the one by law, the other by force; the first method is that of men, the second of beasts; but as the first method is often insufficient, one must have recourse to(求助，求援)the second. It is, therefore, necessary for a prince to know well how to use both the beast and the man. This was covertly(隐秘地，不公开地)taught to rulers by ancient writers, who relate how Achilles and many others of those ancient princes were given to Chiron the centaur(半人半马的怪物)to be brought up and educated under his discipline. The parable(寓言)of this semi-animal, semi-human teacher is meant to indicate that the one without the other is not durable. A prince, being thus obliged to know well how to act as a beast, must imitate the fox, and the lion, for the lion cannot protect himself from traps, and the fox cannot defend himself from wolves. Those that wish to be only lions do not understand this. Therefore, a prudent(谨慎的)ruler ought not to keep faith when by doing so it would be against his interest, and when the reasons which made him bind himself no longer exist. If men were all good, this precept(规则)would not be a good one; but as they are bad, and would not keep faith with them. Nor have legitimate grounds ever failed a prince who wished to show colorable excuse for the nonfulfilment of his promise. Of this, one could furnish an infinite number of examples, and show how many times peace has been broken, and how many promises rendered(致使)worthless, by the faithlessness of princes, and those that have best been a-ble to imitate the fox have succeeded best. But it is necessary to be able to disguise this character well, and to be a great feigner(作假者)and dissembler(伪君子),and men are so simple and so ready to obey present necessities that the one who deceives will always be able to find those who allow themselves to be deceived.

31． The writer does not believe that______.

79． 网络让你们建立起确实的一对一的动态关系。(one to one)

80． 电子化结算能简化你绝大部分支付程序。(streamline)

76． 不用说，我们现在已不是生活在传统社会。(without saying)

77． 有一些问题是由于缺乏相互沟通而引起的。(arise from)

78． 守住承诺适用于客户服务过程的每一步。(follow through)

74． 【T4】

75． 【T5】

Almost all our major problems involve human behavior, and they cannot be solved by physical and biological technology alone. What is needed is a technology of behavior, but we have been slow to develop the science from which such a technology might be drawn.【T1】One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on.Physics and biology once followed similar practices and advanced only when they discarded them.【T2】The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.The environment is obviously important, but its role has remained obscure. It does not push or pull, it selects, and this function is difficult to discover and analyze.【T3】The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.As the interaction between organism and environment has come to be understood, however, effects once assigned to states of mind, feelings, and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions, and a technology of behavior may therefore become available. It will not solve our problems, however, until it replaces traditional pre-scientific views, and these are strongly entrenched. Freedom and dignity illustrate the difficulty.【T4】They are the possessions of the autonomous(self-governing)man of traditional theory , and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.A scientific analysis shifts both the responsibility and the achievement to the environment. It also raises questions concerning " values". Who will use a technology and to what ends?【T5】Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected , and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.

71． 【T1】

73． 【T3】

72． 【T2】