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根据以下资料,回答下列各题:

International investors seem incapable of ending their love affair with the dollar. America’s economy has slowed sharply this year,yet its currency has risen to a 15 year high in trade weighted terms.(46)Against the euro the dollar touched$0.888%higher than in early January and close to the level at which the European Central Bank and the Federal Reserve joitly intervened to prop up the European currency last September.Why is the euro looking sickly?

There are plenty of theories.0De is that the markets do not trust the ECB: (47)the euro area economies are not immune to America’s downturn,yet the central bank still seems more concerned with fighting inflation than with supporting growth;another more plausible explanation is that,in an uncertain global economic climate,the dollar has resumed its traditional role as a safehaven currency.Most economists reckon that the euro is undervalued and expect a rebound over the next year.One of the most optimistic is Goldman Sachs.which is predicting a rate of$1.22 in 12 months.

But an analysis by David Owen,an economist at Dresdner Kleinwort Wasserstein,gives pause for thought.(48)He has found that,over the past decade,movements in the real exchange rate of the euro against the dollar have closely reflected the difference between productivity growth in the euro area and in America.When productivity growth in America has been faster than in Europe--as it was in most of the late 1990s the euro falls.and vice versa.This is exactly what economic theory would predict:countries with faster productivity growth in the traded goods sector should see rising real exchange rates.Mr.Owen uses monthly data for productivity growth in manufacturing,a good proxy for the traded goods sector.Using annual productivity data for the whole economy(which are available over a longer period).the broad relationship between the exchange rate and relative productivity growth in America and Europe seems to have persisted for most of the past 30 years.

Mr.Owen reckons that.in the short term,America’s downturn will reduce the productivity gap between America and the euro area,and so boost the eur0.(49)But in the long.Termhe expect,sproductivity.growth toremain faster in America--in which case,a sustained rise in the euro is unlikely over the next few years.Only if the downturn completely kills the belief in America’s new paradigm,and its productivity growth plummets,will the euro be able to rebound more permanently

The strength of the dollar this year does indeed seem to hinge on a belief among investors that America’S slowdown will be brief,and that in the longer run America remains the best place in which to invest.(50)But they may be underestimating the potential for productivitygai nsin Eourope,as the singlecurrency boosts competition and encourages firms toexp10it,econoom,ies of scale through mergers and acquisitions.The adoption of more flexible working practices in many countries should also help to improve productivity.

Studies in America suggest that the bulk of its productivity gains from information technology come from the use of it rather than from its production So the euro area,too, should start to enjoy productivity gains over the next decade,as it makes fuller use of it If you believe that Europe really is starting to change,buy Euros If not,stick with the darling dollar.

_____

试题出自试卷《2013年考研《英语》(一)终极突破卷五》
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  7. 根据以下资料,回答下列各题:

    International investors seem incapable of ending their love affair with the dollar. America’s economy has slowed sharply this year,yet its currency has risen to a 15 year high in trade weighted terms.(46)Against the euro the dollar touched$0.888%higher than in early January and close to the level at which the European Central Bank and the Federal Reserve joitly intervened to prop up the European currency last September.Why is the euro looking sickly?

    There are plenty of theories.0De is that the markets do not trust the ECB: (47)the euro area economies are not immune to America’s downturn,yet the central bank still seems more concerned with fighting inflation than with supporting growth;another more plausible explanation is that,in an uncertain global economic climate,the dollar has resumed its traditional role as a safehaven currency.Most economists reckon that the euro is undervalued and expect a rebound over the next year.One of the most optimistic is Goldman Sachs.which is predicting a rate of$1.22 in 12 months.

    But an analysis by David Owen,an economist at Dresdner Kleinwort Wasserstein,gives pause for thought.(48)He has found that,over the past decade,movements in the real exchange rate of the euro against the dollar have closely reflected the difference between productivity growth in the euro area and in America.When productivity growth in America has been faster than in Europe--as it was in most of the late 1990s the euro falls.and vice versa.This is exactly what economic theory would predict:countries with faster productivity growth in the traded goods sector should see rising real exchange rates.Mr.Owen uses monthly data for productivity growth in manufacturing,a good proxy for the traded goods sector.Using annual productivity data for the whole economy(which are available over a longer period).the broad relationship between the exchange rate and relative productivity growth in America and Europe seems to have persisted for most of the past 30 years.

    Mr.Owen reckons that.in the short term,America’s downturn will reduce the productivity gap between America and the euro area,and so boost the eur0.(49)But in the long.Termhe expect,sproductivity.growth toremain faster in America--in which case,a sustained rise in the euro is unlikely over the next few years.Only if the downturn completely kills the belief in America’s new paradigm,and its productivity growth plummets,will the euro be able to rebound more permanently

    The strength of the dollar this year does indeed seem to hinge on a belief among investors that America’S slowdown will be brief,and that in the longer run America remains the best place in which to invest.(50)But they may be underestimating the potential for productivitygai nsin Eourope,as the singlecurrency boosts competition and encourages firms toexp10it,econoom,ies of scale through mergers and acquisitions.The adoption of more flexible working practices in many countries should also help to improve productivity.

    Studies in America suggest that the bulk of its productivity gains from information technology come from the use of it rather than from its production So the euro area,too, should start to enjoy productivity gains over the next decade,as it makes fuller use of it If you believe that Europe really is starting to change,buy Euros If not,stick with the darling dollar.

    _____

  8. 根据以下资料,回答下列各题:

    • A.But scientists are still working to improve on that,and among them is social psychologist Aldert Vrij of the University of Portsmouth in England.Vrij has been using akey insight from his field to improve interrogation methods.In short,the truth
    • B.When Vrij and his colleagues asked volunteers what their offices looked like.after instructing half to tell the truth about their occupations and half to lie,both truth tellersand liars gave the same amount of detail in their verbal responses.But whe
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    • D.And in fact,that is just what happens in the lab:Vrij ran an experiment in which half the liars and truth tellers were instructed to recall their stories in reverse order.When observers later looked at videotapes of the complete interviews,they corr
    • E.Psychological scientists are fascinated by keen lie spotter.Detecting lies and liars isessential to effective policing and prosecution of criminals,but it is maddeninglydifficult.Most of us can correctly spot barely more than half of all lies and tr
    • F.Another strategy that could be surprisingly effective is to ask suspects to draw a picture.    Putting pencil to paper forces people to give spatial information-something that most liars have not prepared for as part of planning t
    • G.Here are a few strategies that Vrij and his colleagues have been testing in the laboratory.    One intriguing strategy is to demand that suspects tell their stories in reverse.Narrating backward increases cognitive load because it
  9. _________

    • 正确
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  10. The main idea implied by the author in the last paragraph is that_______.

    • A.crisis of confidence is merely temporary and will be conquered finally
    • B.what it needs to conquer crisis of confidence is merely passage of time
    • C.the challenge confronting America is more formidable than ever
    • D.America calls for strong leadership to drag them out of pessimistic mood