In the same way that a child must be able to move his arms and legs before he can learn to walk, the child must physiologically be capable of producing and experiencing particular emotions before these emotions can be modified through learning. Psychologists have found that there are two basic processes by which learning takes place. One kind of learning is called "classical conditioning." This occurs when one event or stimulus is continuously followed by a reward or punishment. It is through classical conditioning that a child learns to associate his mother's face and voice with happiness and love, for he learns that this person provides food and comfort. Negative emotions are learned in a similar fashion.
The second kind of learning is called "operant (动作的) conditioning. This occurs when an individual learns to do things that produce rewards in his environment and learns not to do things that produce punishments. For example, if a mother always attends to her baby when he cries and cuddles him until he is quiet, she may teach him that if he cries he will get attention from mother. Thus, the baby will learn to increase his crying in order to have his mother more.
The main purpose of this passage is to ______.
- A.teach children how to learn to produce and experience certain emotions
- B.give the common reader a general description of two basic kinds of learning
- C.give parents some advice on how to modify their children's emotions through learning
- D.discuss with psychologists how positive and negative feelings are produced
-
Jack: I'd like a haircut, please.
Barber: Would you care for a shave and a shampoo as well?
Jack: ______.A haircut will be just fine.
- A.Yes, please
- B.No, thanks
- C.It's very kind of you
- D.I'm glad you can think of it
-
Bill: Here, Cindy! I'd like you to meet my best partner, Daniel.(To Daniel This is Cindy, my girlfriend.
Cindy: Hi, Daniel.______.
Daniel: Mostly good things I hope.
- A.How do you do?
- B.You look handsome.
- C.Bill tells me you're a good guy.
- D.Bill talks about you a lot.
-
George: ______?
- Ann: Well, it's a great dance all right, but I've been to quite a few parties lately and fed up with them.
- A.Don't you play happily
- B.Don't you stay here pleasantly
- C.Aren't you fond of yourself
- D.Aren't you enjoying yourself
-
Roger: Hi, Frank.
Frank: Hi, Roger.The party is really nice, isn't it?
Roger: ______.Lots of food and drinks!
- A.It is real
- B.It sure is
- C.It is certain
- D.It must be
-
Nurse: Do you have any designated doctor?
Patient: Yes, Dr.Hurt, Cliff Hurt.
Nurse: Here is your registration card.Dr.Hurt is at clinic No.6.______.
- A.You' may stay here and wait for your right
- B.You can sit over there and wait for your turn
- C.You may stand in line here and wait for your arrangement
- D.You may sit here and wait for your order
-
Stephen: I want to send this package parcel post, registered.
Clerk: ______?
Stephen: Yes, please, for sixty dollars.
- A.Do you want it guaranteed
- B.Do you want it insured
- C.Do you want it preserved
- D.Do you want it ensured
-
Mary (after work): Shall I punch out for you, Juliet? I'm leaving now.
Juliet: ______.I've to work overtime.
- A.Yes, thanks
- B.No, not necessary
- C.No, thanks
- D.I don't care
-
Alice: Ted asked me to go to the beach this weekend.What's your plan?
Laura: I've to work overtime, Sometimes I envy you a lot.Ted is a good guy.
- Alice: ______.You just haven't met the right person.And I think you work too much.You should learn how to entertain yourself and enjoy your life.
- A.Come on
- B.OK
- C.Well done
- D.By the way
-
Kellie: You haven't been around much lately, have you?
Marie: ______.
Kellie: Oh? Where were you?
Marie: Palm Springs.I've got a cousin there.
- A.Yes, I have been here all the time
- B.Yes, I've been away on vacation.
- C.No, I have been here all the time.
- D.No, I've been away on vacation.
-
Michael: Hi, mom.I'd like you to meet my girlfriend, Susan Lee.Susan, this is my mother.
Susan: How do you do, Mrs.Miller.
Mother: How do you do, Susan.I'm glad you can join us.______.
- A.Take it easy
- B.Please feel natural
- C.Make yourself at home
- D.Feel all right here
2005年初级经济师考试《旅游经济专
初级旅游经济师试题及答案一
初级旅游经济师试题及答案二
2005年初级经济师考试《邮电经济专
初级经济师试题及答案1(邮电经济)
初级经济师试题及答案1(保险经济)
初级经济师试题及答案2(邮电经济)
初级经济师试题及答案2(保险经济)
初级经济师试题及答案3(保险经济)
2014年经济师初级考试真题《建筑经