If we say “The baby is crying,” we must be talking about a certain baby crying in a certain situation; the word “baby” means a baby known to both the speaker and the hearer, which is the r______ of the word “baby” in this particular situation.

One specific aspect of situational use of language is that of address term usage. Please explain what an address term refers to, what social factors addressers have to consider in choosing a suitable address term, and use examples to illustrate the frequently used address terms in English language.

Broca’s area

Draw a tree diagram of constituent structure for each of the following two sentences.

(1) A boy found the book.

(2) The guide suggested the tourists take a rest.

Acculturation

speech community

back-formation

argument

representatives

syntax

vowels