In second language learning, instrumental motivation occurs when the learner’s goal is _f________ , and integrative motivation occurs when the learner’s goal is social.

formal instruction

Explain the term“euphemism”with examples. Describe the use of euphemisms in social communication. What will result in euphemistic clichés?

Explain syntactic movement, NP-movement and WH-movement with examples.

registers

language centers

collocational synonyms

declarations

Grimm’s Law

morphological rules

case condition