Aiming at high profits, unfair rates were charged by the American railroad companies.

The beginning of our sleep-deficit(缺少)crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago. Many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his program. From diary entries(记录)and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries, sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest. “The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark.” By the 1950s and 1960s, that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically, to between 7.5 and eight hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock. “Nowadays people cheat on their sleep, and they don’t even realize they’re doing it,” says Dr. David. “They think they’re okay because they can get on by 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5, eight or even more to feel ideally vigorous (充满活力的).”

Suppose you were Jing Chen, working as Customer Service Representative in the Sales Department of Express Trading Co., Ltd. In order to gain more and richer experience in car sales, you want to change your job and apply for a better position in a bigger trading company. Write a letter of application, applying for a position of Sales Manager. In your letter, make sure to provide some necessary information like your qualifications and your sales experience and also to mention what are attached to your letter, such as your resume and a letter of recommendation from the general manager of the present company. Don’t forget to tell him your phone number 416 -123 -45678. (150-200 words)

①Besides, conversation in Britain is in general quiet and restrained and loud speech is considered ill-bred(没有教养的).

②If a conversation does start, personal questions like ‘‘How old are you?” or even “What is your salary?” are almost impossible.

③British people tend to be like that.

④To other Europeans, the best known quality of the British is “reserve”(矜持).

⑤It is difficult to get to know a reserved person; he never tells you anything about himself, and you may work with him for years without ever knowing where he lives, how many children he has, and what his interests are.

⑥If they have to share the compartment with a stranger, they may travel many miles without starting a conversation.

⑦A reserved person is one who does not talk very much to strangers, does not show much emotion, and seldom gets excited.

⑧If they are making a journey by bus, they will do their best to find an empty seat; if by train, an empty compartment(隔间).

Read the following paragraph carefully and choose the best topic sentence from the four possible answers that follow the paragraph by writing A, B, C or D.

Data from both Russia and the United States show Arctic sea ice extended to about 4.2 million square miles in June, the lowest ice coverage recorded for that month in the satellite data record, which began in 1979. If the melting trend continues, sea ice levels could fall by September to less than l. 6 million square miles, the lowest recorded in 2007. The fast pace of the melting could mean that the North Pole could be ice-free during the summer within just a few decades, far sooner than previously estimated. Arctic waterways(航道)typically choked(堵塞)with ice are now opening up.

A、Sea ice in the Arctic is in rapid retreat(消退).

B、Melting ice may clear new waterways in the Arctic.

C、Scientists from Russia and the U. S. work together in the Arctic.

D、Rapid retreat of ice in the Arctic is harmful.

Choose the best topic sentence from the group below by writing A, B, C or D.

A、Alcohol numbs(使麻木)the areas of the brain responsible for mood control.

B、Alcohol often triggers(引起)feelings of confusion, sadness and so on.

C、There is indeed a relationship between alcohol and depression.

D、Many alcoholics have a difficult time living on their own.

Read the following paragraph and write the topic sentence on the Answer Sheet.

Crying has also served other social purposes. Rousseau wrote in his “Confessions” that while he considered tears the most eloquent testimony(有力证据)of love, he also just liked to cry over nothing. As the story of the wrapped onion suggests, crying can be used to manipulate(影响)the emotions of others. Notions of manipulative crying endure(持续)to this ay. “When a woman cries,” a writer named Angela Epstein declared in September, in an article in The Daily Mail, “she’s on her way to getting what she wants.”

Aiming at high profits, unfair rates were charged by the American railroad companies.

The corporation safeguards its owners. Because it has legal standing.

The Inquisition(宗教迫害)resulted in twenty-five hundred being killed, forty thousand being imprisoned and sent two hundred thousand into exile(流放).

Unsuccessful attempt to start a business can help sort out the market. According to small business experts.