competitive devaluation

信用证按其作用、形式和机制分作不同的种类。

控制成本是一些企业进行对外投资的主要动机之一，而降低生产成本是考虑的一个重要方面。

经济全球化为世界经济发展提供了新的动力和机会，同时也使各经济体更加相互依赖、相互影响。

合同依法实施，未能履行合同义务的一方可能受到起诉，并被强制做出赔偿。

除了国际贸易和投资，国际许可和特许经营有时也是进入国外市场的一种方式。

Political risks such as war, quotas , foreign exchange control; commercial risks like market change and exchange rate fluctuations; and even language barriers all add up to the problems in international trade. Because of these problems and risks, exporters are hesitant to release their goods before receiving payment, while importers prefer to have control over the goods before parting with their money.

The most powerful institution of the EU is the Council of Ministers. It has the final say on all important matters. Decisions of the council are made by votes allocated to member countries on the basis of their size. The council even has the power to pass legislation, which is quite different from the case of all the major countries of the world.

What are the differences between visible trade and invisible trade? Give a few examples of invisible trade.

What is MIGA? What are its functions?

IFC