According to Newport， idleness is .

Directions：　　Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing you should　　1）interpret the chart and　　2）give your comments　　You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.

2017年某市消费者选择餐厅时的关注因素

Directions：　　Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit Professor Smith. Write him an email to　　1）apologize and explain the situation， and　　2）suggest a future meeting.　　You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.　　Do not use your own name. Use“Li Ming” instead.　　Do not write your address.

A fifth garder gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks “astronaut” but quickly adds “scientist” to the list and selects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough. He can explore as many career paths as he likes. And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy”at the dinner table.　　That boy was Bill Gates，and he hasn’t stopped reading yet—not even after becoming one of the most science fiction and reference books； recently， he revealed that he reads at least so nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction title because they explain how the world works.“Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge，”Gates says.

A. Just say it

B. Be present

C. Pay a unique compliment

D. Name， places， things

E. Find the “me too”s

F. Skip the small talk

G. Ask for an opinion

Five ways to make conversation with anyone

Conversations are links， which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.

You meet new people every day： the grocery worker， the cab driver， new people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation with them will form. a link.

Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.

41.____________

Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know and something within you says“I want to talk with this person”—this is something the mostly happens with all of us. You wanted to say something—the first word—but it just won’t come out. It feels like itis stuck somewhere， I know the feeling and here is my advice just get it out.

Just think： that is the worst that could happen？ They won’t talk with you？ Well， they are not talking with you now！

I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow. So keep it simple： “Hi”，“Hey”or“Hello”—do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can， put on a big smile and say“Hi”.

42.____________

It’s a problem all of us face： you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.

Honestly， if we got stuck in the rut of“hi”，“hello”， “how are you？”and“what’s going on？”you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that’s can make it so memorable.

So don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions. Trust me， you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.

43.____________

When you meet a person for the first time， make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation from that point. When you start conversation from there and then move outwards， you’ll find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.

44.____________

Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone， and if you ask for their attention you get the response “I can multitask”.

So when someone tries to communicate with you， just be in that communication wholeheartedly. Make eye contact， you can feel the conversation.

45.____________

You all came into a conversation where you first met the person， but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their name. Isn’t that awkward！

So remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with； perhaps the places they have been to the place they want to go， the things they like， the thing the hate—whatever you talk about.

When you remember such thing you can automatically become investor in their wellbeing. So the feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.

That’s it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone. Every person is a really good book to read， or to have a conversation with！

This text is mainly about .

The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that .

According to Newport， idleness is .

Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused .

To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy， Cal Newport， author of Deep Work： Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World， recommends building a habit of “deep work”-the ability to focus without distraction.

There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work- be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task； developing a daily ritual； or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moment of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach， the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.

Newport also recommends “deep scheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time. “At any given point， I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next mouth. Once on the calendar， I protect this time like I would a doctor’s appointment or important meeting”， he writes.

The ants analogy is used to illustrate .