语言与文化自考2017年10月真题及答案解析

How and why do English and Chinese speakers answer the negative questions differently?

Define the tenor and the vehicle, and illustrate how the tenor and the vehicle relate to each other in similes and metaphors, by analyzing the following two sentences.

(1) The girl looks like her mother.

(2) The girl looks like an angel

拜年。

善意的谎言。

男女老少都参加了战斗。

You are welcome.

The child is father of the man.

a nine to five job

Why are brand names often coinages in English culture?

What is body language?

What is the expression in British English for a shop that sells medicines, toiletries, and various other small articles?

Nonverbal communication is a process of communication by means of nonverbal______.

What is culture in its narrow sense called?

In English medicines cannot be advertised, while in China medicine advertisementsappear in large quantity in mass media. This fact shows there are_______contrastsunderlying the linguistic contrast between English and Chinese advertising.

When a teacher says that a student takes over other’s things without permission, what he actually means is that the child may_______other’s things.

If the sentences in a text are connected by grammatical and/or lexical means, we say that they exhibit________.

In both English and Chinese black is often associated with_______qualities, as in“blacklist”,“black market” and “black-hearted”.

In English speaking countries one can praise members of one’s own family, while people may consider it bad taste in China.The above example shows that there exist cultural differences in______.

In most languages people enrich their speech or writing with indirect references tocharacters or events from culture. Such indirect references are called______.

When we discuss the definition of culture, _______institutions may include socio-economic, politico-legal, marital, familial institutions, etc.

A_______is a member of any Christian body which separated from the Roman Catholic Church at the Reformation.

_______relations are found in constructions whose components are linked in meaning rather than through the use of conjunctions.

Westerners are often seen to draw a cross by touching the forehead, breast and shoulders to invoke the blessing of Christ, when they are______.

• A.depressed
• B.shocked
• C.sad
• D.in trouble

The pronunciation difference between American and British English can be found in the words “______”.

• A.road
• B.ask
• C.also
• D.wheel

Which of the following statements are the proper English translation of “请提宝贵意见”?

• A.Please give us your comments or suggestions.
• B.What’s your opinion?
• C.Could you give us your comments or suggestions?
• D.Please make valuable comments.

Of the following metaphorical expressions, which are about love?

• A.There is always a market for good ideas.
• B.Their marriage is on the mend.
• C.There is incredible energy in their relationship.
• D.There are too many facts here for me to digest them all.

Which of the following words or expressions can be used as textual connectives?

• A.And.
• B.When.
• C.Well.
• D.As a result

“______” are idioms in relation to mannerism.

• A.To split one’s sides with laughter
• B.To ride one’s high horse
• C.To miss a boat
• D.To keep one’s own company

There are some fixed expressions that are used almost exclusively to greet others in English. What are they?

• A.How do you do?
• B.How is everything?
• C.Where are you going?
• D.Good morning.

Modern European languages have fewer grammatical morphemes than such classical languages as_______.

• A.Latin
• B.Chinese
• C.Sanskrit
• D.ancient Greek

Words such as “______” are borrowed from French.

• A.belly
• B.stomach
• C.finish
• D.complete

Doctors’ touching their patients falls into the category of______.

• A.socio-polite touch
• B.functional-professional touch
• C.love-intimacy touch
• D.friendship-warmth touch

In its broad sense culture may include_____as its components.

• A.nature
• B.human knowledge
• C.value systems
• D.materials for human life

“Waging one’s forefinger”is used to______.

• A.signify impatience
• B.show defiance
• C.mean coming here
• D.warn others not to do something

A large number of technical terms can be found in______.

• A.newspaper reporting
• B.brand names
• C.advertisements
• D.English for science and technology

A distinctive feature of English brand names is that many of them sound exotic, being words borrowed from other cultures, such as______.

• A.Nike
• B.Rolex
• C.Chanel
• D.Poison

Text, which refers to any piece of spoken or written language, can be as short as one word like “______”.

• A.can
• B.stop
• C.will
• D.to

Causal relations can be found in “_______”.

• A.I’d love to join in. Only I don’t know how to play.
• B.All the figures were correct. Yet the total came out wrong.
• C.I was not informed. Otherwise I should have taken some action.
• D.All this time, the guard was looking at her, first through a telescope, then through a microscope.

Of the following expressions involving the colour blue, “______”has some pleasantassociations.

• A.having the blues
• B.a blue film
• C.blue blood
• D.blue ribbon

Which of the following is NOT a proper birthday gift to an American friend?

• A.A bottle of wine.
• B.A bunch of flowers.
• C.A best-seller book.
• D.A china god of longevity.

People use pleasant, polite or harmless sounding words or expressions to mask harsh or infamous truths. These words or expressions are termed as______.

• A.euphemisms
• B.honorifics
• C.taboos
• D.terms of humility

“Marathon”is an allusion from______.

• A.sports
• B.history
• C.literature
• D.religion

The following statements are metaphorical expressions about ideas. Which of the following does NOT indicate that ideas are people?

• A.His ideas will live forever.
• B.Cognitive psychology is still in its infancy.
• C.The seeds of his great ideas were planted in his youth.
• D.The theory of relativity gave birth to an enormous number of ideas in physics.

The English saying “Oxford for learning, London for wit, Hull for women and York for horses”is a proverb related to______.

• A.Greco-Roman civilization
• B.navigation
• C.geography
• D.individualism

Which of the following personal names are quite common among the Chinese people?

• A.Names of influential figures.
• B.Names related to historical events.
• C.Names of one’s grandparents.
• D.Names associated with religion.

Which of the following statements is NOT often used for invitation?

• A.I want to ask you to have dinner with me.
• B.Shall we have dinner together next Sunday?
• C.I’d like to invite you to dinner next Saturday.
• D.I was wondering if you'd like to come to dinner with my family next Saturday.

The onomatopoeic words in English and Chinese are used according to______ grammatical rules.

• A.the same
• B.similar
• C.traditional
• D.different

In English_____questions are formed by placing the auxiliary or modal verb before the subject and giving the rising intonation at the end of the sentence.

• A.yes-no
• B.wh-
• C.alternative
• D.tag

______is a drink of spirits mixed with others or with various flavourings.

• A.Whisky
• B.Cocktail
• C.Brandy
• D.Wine

The word in English for“a young dog”is_______.

• A.sow
• B.foal
• C.kitten
• D.puppy

We say that culture is a_______phenomenon when we emphasize the contrast between society and nature.

• A.social
• B.intellectual
• C.national
• D.religious

Language is______in that it is rule-governed.

• A.vocal
• B.systematic
• C.uniquely human
• D.used for communication