语言与文化自考2017年04月真题及答案解析

Discuss the similarities or differences in the associative meanings of the colour red between English and Chinese, by referring to the following expressions.(1)a red letter day, the red carpet(2)红喜事，披红挂彩

A big fish in a small pond.

Why are branching sentence patterns preferred in English, while linear sentence patterns are preferred in Chinese?

(Answer this question in relation to thinking patterns alone.)

not to bat an eyelid

不下雪的圣诞节

您过奖了。

你好，我是玛丽，请问您哪位?(电话用语)

What categories can gestures be classified into?

What does a news report normally consist of?

他的钱被抢光了。

Eskimo tribes commonly have as many as seven different words of snow, while certain African cultures in the equatorial forest of Zaire have no word at all for snow. How does this example show the relationship between language and culture?

The word “weak”is of English origin and its synonym“fragile”of Latin origin. How are they used differently?

The door was open. He walked in.These two sentences are juxtaposed without any connectives in between, so they are _______related.

We know eggactly how to sell eggs.This example shows________are often used in English advertisements.

Crossing one’s forefinger and middle finger signifies________in English speaking countries.

A______is an implied comparison between two or more unlike things, as in “His words stabbed at her heart.”

Honorifics are used to show respect to one’s interlocutors, while terms of humility are used to show the speaker’s________.

“The Garden of Eden” and “the forbidden fruit”are allusions from_______.

In informal situations English speakers tend to address others by using their______.It’s common for students to call their professor “Tom”, for instance.

________relations at the sentential level can be frequently found in constructionswhose components are connected through the use of conjunctions.

According to Nostrand, each culture has its own themes and no culture has more than twelve. His model for the analysis of culture is called the_______.

Nonverbal communication can be defined as________.

• A.communication without words
• B.communication in which speech sounds are used
• C.anything someone does to which someone else assigns meaning
• D.a discipline studying nonverbal behavior in independent thinking

The word in British English for“timetable” is “_________ ” in American English.

Some brand names of the products are neutral or positive in meaning in Chinese culture but pejorative in English culture, such as “_______”.

• A.白象牌电池
• B.青岛啤洒
• C.蝙蝠牌电扇
• D.鄂尔多斯羊毛衫

The euphemisms for lavatory in English are________.

• A.laundry room
• B.restroom
• C.WC
• D.ladies’ room

The style one chooses for one’s speech depends on________.

• A.one’s interlocutors
• B.the topic
• C.the setting or environment
• D.one’s mood

In English culture, when people introduce one to another, the general rule is to introduce ________.

• A.a young person to an older one
• B.a woman to a man
• C.the host to the guest
• D.an inferior to a superior

The proverbs related to navigation are “________”.

• A.Life is but a walking shadow
• B.It is a hard sailing when there is no wind
• C.England is the ringing island
• D.Any port in a storm

The same tenors are associated with the same vehicles in both English and Chinese to express similar meanings, as is seen in “_______”.

• A.He’s as strong as a horse
• B.You ass! You stupid ass! How could you do a thing like that?!
• C.What a dull speech! He’s merely parroting what many others have said
• D.One look at his face and we realized that a thunderstorm was about to break

In English there are formal markers for cases in_______.

• A.nouns
• B.adjectives
• C.pronouns
• D.verbs

It is important to remember that the term culture is________, being manifested by Western culture, Asian culture, etc.

• A.specific
• B.general
• C.abstract
• D.concrete

The words like “_______”reflect the dark side of English culture about sex morality.

• A.striptease
• B.lynch
• C.love store
• D.privacy

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

• A.In legal documents learned.words are used frequently.
• B.Legal documents leave little room for ambiguity or misunderstanding.
• C.Legal documents are normally stable and conservative.
• D.Since legal documents are normally read by judges or lawyers, readability is not a serious

If a westerner is stamping his foot, it shows he is________.

• A.angry
• B.nervous
• C.ashamed
• D.impatient

The space that exclusively belongs to its owner is referred to as primary territory. The following are examples of primary territory EXCEPT________.

• A.personal offices
• B.father’s chair
• C.one’s seat in the classroom
• D.one’s own room at home

Temporal relations can be found in “_______”.

• A.I’d love to join in. Only I don’t know how to play.
• B.All the figures were correct. Yet the total came out wrong.
• C.I was not informed. Otherwise 1 should have taken some action.
• D.All the time, the Guard was looking at her, first through a telescope, and then through a microscope.

The following words are pronounced differently in American and British English EXCEPT ________.

• A.also
• B.why
• C.path
• D.mobile

一Could you give me a lift home?

—Sorry, I’m visiting my sister.

Judging from the way the sentences are connected, we can say that the above text exhibits ________.

• A.cohesion
• B.coordination
• C.coherence
• D.cooperation

Anything that is prohibited by religion, tradition or social usage is a(n)________.

• A.euphemism
• B.honorific
• C.taboo
• D.term of humility

A china god of longevity is NOT a proper birthday gift to an American friend in his fifties because_______.

• A.it is fragile
• B.it is too heavy
• C.he has different religious belief
• D.it may remind him of his old age

“你真是个诸葛亮” is a(n)_______.

• A.proverb
• B.allusion
• C.idiom
• D.maxim

Which of the following Chinese metaphorical expressions makes the same analogy as the English expression “She fought for him, but his mistress won out”, so far as love is concerned?

• A.爱得发狂
• B.如胶似漆
• C.畸形婚姻
• D.征服所爱的人

Which of the following expressions involving the colour black has a good meaning in business English?

• A.In the black.
• B.Black market.
• C.A black day.
• D.In black and white.

If an English speaking person is complimented merely out of politeness on his Chinese, he may say “Oh, I wish it could be true”. The compliment may express_______as a response to a compliment.

• A.happiness
• B.agreement
• C.refusal
• D.modesty

Which of the following is NOT one of the commonest replies to apologies?

• A.It’s all right.
• B.It’s OK.
• C.All right.
• D.Never mind.

Which of the following is an idiom in relation to mannerisms?

• A.To keep a straight face.
• B.Mind one’s p’s and q’s.
• C.To keep one’s nose clean.
• D.A marriage of convenience.

English is often said to be more ________than Chinese because the former has more grammatical morphemes than the latter.

• A.grammatically explicit
• B.derivationally implicit
• C.subject prominent
• D.topic prominent

There are more ______in Chinese than in English as regards the passive structure.

• A.recipients
• B.explicit passives
• C.implicit passives
• D.formal passive markers

In a _______, people get served without having to leave their cars.

• A.drive-in restaurant
• B.motel
• C.diner
• D.large hotel

In 1863 Lincoln issued the ________to abolish slavery in the southern states of American.

• A.Declaration of Independence
• B.Homestead Act
• C.National Constitution
• D.Emancipation Proclamation

Which of the following about language and thought is NOT true?

• A.Language exerts limited influence on thought.
• B.Language is influenced and shaped by thought.
• C.Language is closely related to thinking.
• D.Language is an instrument used in the communication of thought.

Language is the _______of cultural information.

• A.determinant
• B.presentation
• C.carrier
• D.component