语言与文化自考2016年04月真题及答案解析

Please use “green-eyed”&“眼红” and “green light”& “绿灯" to discuss the similar or the different metaphorical associations in English and Chinese.

Find out the grammatical contrast between English and Chinese as manifested in the following pair of sentences and discuss how English and Chinese speakers look at the action and represent it in language.

A. He hit me hard on the shoulder.

B. 他重重地打在我肩上。

他抓住了我的胳膊。

对不起，他正忙。你愿意留个口信吗?(电话用语)

I feel blue today.

久仰大名。

a white lie

How is the combination of letters “wh”pronounced in American and British English?

What are the three qualities of eye behaviour?

Great men are not always wise.

________time orientation refers to how people feel, think, or perceive time and how it influences their daily communication and lives.

How would you explain the relationship between language and culture?

What are the different connotations of the word “book”in English and Chinese cultures?

A: Has John finished his work?

B: Yes, he has.The sentences in the above dialogue are connected by grammatical and lexical means, so they exhibit________.

The American word for “trousers” is________.

Anything that is________by religion, tradition or social usage is a taboo.

The proverb “Man proposes, God disposes." illustrates that_______is an importantsource of proverbs.

In both English and Chinese culture, some animals have metaphorical meaning. For example, in English________are associated with pride, while in Chinese, pride is more frequently associated with cocks.

Such words as “Niagara Falls”，“Rocky Mountains” and “Kangaroo” illustratethe point that words can represent the_______aspects of culture.

This is the third case of smallpox to occur in the town. 这是城中出现的第三例天花。Compare the above two sentence and you will find that ________sentence patterns are preferred in Chinese.

It is quite common for people to exchange_______in English speaking countries inorder to have good interpersonal relations between them.

The gesture of “chewing one’s finger nails”signifies________.

• A.patience
• B.emotional stress
• C.worry
• D.not knowing what to do

English for science and technology has a lot of________.

• A.technical terms
• B.passive sentences
• C.nominalization
• D.verbs

Value systems, ________, national traits, aesthetic and thinking patterns often regarded as the central part of culture.

Which of the following examples show paratactic relations?

• A.I overslept this morning, so I missed the early bus.
• B.The boy didn’t go to bed until his mother came back.
• C.He dictated the letter. His secretary typed it.
• D.Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Cambridge was safely delivered of a son at 4:24pm today. Her Royal Highness and her child are both doing well.

Which of the following statements is true about honourifics?

• A.Japanese is particularly rich in honourifics.
• B.Honourifics are language forms used in speeches to show respect to a superior.
• C.There are more honourifics in European languages than in Oriental languages.
• D.Although Chinese have so many grammatical honourifics as Japanese, it certainly has many more than English.

Which of the following idioms are related to life philosophy?

• A.to make one’s flesh creep
• B.mind one’s p’s and q’s
• C.just what the doctor ordered
• D.to miss the boat

Which of the following sentences show that English speaking people compare ideas to food?

• A.His ideas will live on forever.
• B.The seeds of his great ideas were planted in his youth.
• C.I just can’t swallow that claim.
• D.There are too many facts here for me to digest them all.

In English speaking countries the general rule is to introduce________.

• A.a young person to an older one
• B.a woman to a man
• C.an inferior to a superior
• D.a group to an individual

The United Kingdom is a country of constitutional monarchy, which may be represented by such words as_______.

• A.president
• B.queen
• C.parliament
• D.congress

The central theme of traditional Chinese culture was______which still strongly influences the life of the contemporary Chinese.

• A.environmentalism
• B.individualism
• C.hedonism
• D.collectivism

Among the following, “_______”are important properties of language.

• A.language is uniquely human
• B.language is arbitrary
• C.language is non-systematic
• D.language is vocal

Which of the following words is derived from Greek?

• A.Pluto
• B.formula
• C.antenna
• D.mathematics

Contact cultures include the following EXCEPT_______.

• A.Arabs
• B.Latin Americans
• C.Southern Europeans
• D.Asians

_______ranges from 18 inches to 4 feet. This distance is used during conversations with close friends or interactions with relatives.

• A.The casual-personal zone
• B.The intimate zone
• C.The socio-consultative zone
• D.The public zone

In English letters, the date is put_______.

• A.at the top right corner
• B.below the receiver’s address
• C.at the upper left corner
• D.above the signature

“Santa Clause”is a loan word from________.

• A.Dutch
• B.German
• C.French
• D.Indian languages

John does well in school. Furthermore, he takes an active part in the social work.The logical relationship between the above sentences is_______.

• A.additive
• B.adversative
• C.causal
• D.temporal

If you mention the British Queen in a conversation with your British friends, you’d better use_______to refer to the Queen.

• A.Your Majesty
• B.Her Majesty
• C.Your Honourable
• D.Her Excellency

Which of the following expressions reflects a religious notion on the euphemisms for "death"?

• A.to depart from this life
• B.to perish in war
• C.to sleep in the grave
• D.to be with God

The idiomatic expression “to have two left feet" means“_______”.

• A.to be skillful
• B.to be clumsy
• C.to perform swiftly
• D.to walk fast

Similes and metaphors must have two components: the tenor and vehicle. The tenor refers to the creature, idea or object to be compared to something else. In the sentence “My hands are as cold as ice”, “_______”is the tenor.

• A.my hands
• B.are
• C.as cold as
• D.ice

In which of the following expressions, the red color is NOT associated with something joyful?

• A.a red letter day
• B.red tape
• C.the red carpet
• D.paint the town red

The proverb “An Englishman’s house is his castle" reflects_______in Western culture.

• A.Christianity
• B.Greco-Roman civilization
• C.individualism
• D.collectivism

English babies may be named after________to show respect or to honour them.

• A.their parents
• B.historical events
• C.weapon names
• D.their grandparents

In English_______is a religious name.

• A.John
• B.Barry
• C.Henry
• D.Viola

“Domicile”, “residence”, and “home” are synonyms and conceptually refer to the same thing in the real world, but they have different________.

• A.conceptual meaning
• B.collocative meaning
• C.stylistic meaning
• D.thematic meaning

a) It is raining. 下雨了。

b) It is 8:00 already. 已经八点了。

c) It is very cold. 很冷。

The above examples indicate that______.

• A.it is not necessary for every sentence to have a subject in English
• B.the grammatical explicitness and consistency should not be violated in English
• C.simplicity is more important than grammatical explicitness in English
• D.grammatical consistency is more important than simplicity in Chinese

It is often said that English is a hypotactic language and Chinese a paratactic one,which refers to constructions whose components are linked in_______throughjuxtaposition and punctuation.

• A.form
• B.order
• C.meaning
• D.logic

_________is communicated when feelings or attitudes are expressed in language.

• A.Conceptual meaning
• B.Connotative meaning
• C.Thematic meaning
• D.Affective meaning

________is patterns of ideas characteristic of a social group.

• A.Language
• B.Thought
• C.Culture
• D.Communication

Body language like gestures, facial expressions is the medium of ________interaction.

• A.verbal
• B.cultural
• C.nonverbal
• D.two-way