语言与文化自考2012年10月真题及答案解析

Please use “nurse”, “bank clerk”, and “truck driver” as examples to define the terms of “white-collar jobs”, “blue-collar jobs” and “pink-collar employees”.

disadvantaged families

Define a proverb and illustrate how proverbs are related to culture in different cultures, by referring to the following groups of examples.(1) God help those who help themselves. 平时不烧香，临时抱佛脚。(2) Rats desert a sinking ship. 树倒猢狲散。

a green Christmas

善意的谎言

Man proposes, God disposes.

真不知道怎么感谢你才好。

In English culture, there are four interpersonal distance zones: the intimate zone, the casual-personal zone, the socio-consultative zone and the public zone. Please decide which zone matches with each of the following situations:

(1) conversations with relatives;

(2)business discussion;

(3) public lectures;

(4) staying with spouses and kids

人不犯我，我不犯人。

What is logical thinking and artistic thinking?

What do “intellectuals” in Western culture and “知识分子” in Chinese culture mean?

Use “Congress passes tight budget plan” as an example to illustrate the most salient feature of the headline in English newspaper reporting.

The reasoning from the general to the particular or reasoning in which the conclusion about particulars follows necessarily from the general or universal promises is________.

Advertising is defined as the _______ communication usually paid for and usually persuasive in nature about products, service or ideas by identified sponsors through different media.

Very often we can tell others’ profession, personality, socioeconomic status, educational level and many other things according to the way they __________ themselves. So policemen and soldiers are readily identifiable from their uniforms.

Similes and metaphors must have two components: the tenor and the vehicle. In the sentence “He is the father of modern biology”, “father” is a __________.

_______ is a common source of allusions in English, as seen in “a Pandora’s box”.

Pleasant, polite or harmless sounding words or expressions used to mask harsh, rude or infamous truths are ________.

In informal situations, English speakers tend to address others by using their ________ names.

________is money given at Christmas time to the dustmen and others who provide a service throughout the year.

Comparing the sentences “Tony ate up the cake made by his mother” and “托尼吃掉了妈妈做的蛋糕”, we may find ______ patterns in English and linear patterns in Chinese.

Seven facets, the thematic model and ______ are three models for the analysis of culture.

The most striking phonetic difference between American and British English is the pronunciation of “r” in words. “R” is pronounced differently in the following words EXCEPT ______.

Nonverbal messages can be used to accent or emphasize distinct points in verbal messages. Which of the following are the examples of accenting?

Text refers to any piece of spoken or written language, which expresses a complete meaning. Which of the following are texts?

People from different cultures do not always make the same analogies while using similes or metaphors. From a cross-cultural perspective, which of the following sentences make the same analogies in Chinese and English?

Which of the following expressions are Chinese honourifics?

Among the following, “ ______ ”are fixed expressions used to greet others in English.

“Knowledge is power”, “Do not wear out your welcome” and “From saving comes having” are proverbs that are related to ______.

Which of the following are true about intercultural communication?

The Western people are inductive thinkers who reason ______.

The United States of America is a federal republic, which may be represented by the words “______”.

The solar system in astronomy consists of the sun and its planets. EXCEPT ______, all the planets got their names from Greco-Roman mythology.

The space that exclusively belongs to its owner is referred to as primary territory. Which of the following places is NOT the primary territory?

In Chinese culture, touching or pointing to one’s own nose with raised forefinger signifies “______”.

Which of the following statements has adversative relations?

In advertisement English, there is a tactful use of homophones

 — words that are pronounced alike but written differently and often have different meanings. This feature can be seen in ______.

Man: There is a new movie on tonight.

Woman: I have to get up early tomorrow.

The logical relation the above sentences exhibit is ______.

In English culture anything that may remind an old person of his/her age might be offensive. If you are going to give a present to an English woman in her fifties, which of the following is IMPROPER?

In the sentence “He won her hand in marriage”, a metaphor is used to illustrate that love is ______.

Which of the following statements is proper in the western social situation?

Which of the following sentences uses similes?

The Chinese equivalent to “not in a hundred years” is ______.

Which of the following is commonly used to bid farewell among the Chinese people as well as among English speakers?

“To pull somebody’s leg” corresponds to ______.

In English, ______ are inherited and more distinctive.

a)He came to Shanghai in the fall of 2008. 他2008年秋天来到上海。

b)He once worked in Shanghai. 他曾在上海工作过。The above examples indicate that ______.

“Domicile”, “residence” and “home” are synonyms, but they are different so far as their ______meanings are concerned.

Which of the following is NOT a grammatical morpheme?

______ meaning is the communicative value an expression has in addition to the purely conceptual meaning.

Which of the following is NOT an example of the components of small c culture?

Anthropological culture refers to ______.