语言与文化自考2012年01月真题及答案解析

How are introductions conducted in English?

Explain the functions nonverbal messages perform in human communication.

你对他期望过高了。干这活他还是新手呢。

天网恢恢，疏而不漏。

饭菜不好，请大家随便吃。

Please return the book to me as soon as you’ve read it.

—Hasn’t he approved your plan?

—Yes, he has.

You’re invited to come to my house. (用敬语翻译)

What does the phrase “waving a red flag” mean?

What is body language?

The two sentences below convey the same conceptual meaning, but there is difference in their overall meaning. What different meaning do these two sentences convey?Mr. Black donated the first prize.The first prize was donated by Mr. Black.

Cultures that allow people to interact at a great distance are referred to as ______ cultures.

What is thought?

The word in American English for “教职员” is ______.

Pleasant, polite or harmless sounding words or expressions that are used to mask harsh, rude or infamous truths are ______.

“As brown as a ______” is used by English speakers to describe skin which is very brown, especially from the sun and weather.

Hypotactic relations at the sentential level refer to constructions whose components are linked through the use of ______.

Morphemes are smallest units of ______.

In informal situations, English speakers tend to address others by using their ______ names, such as “Tom”, “George” etc.

“An Englishman’s ______ is his castle” is a well cited proverb in literature on cross-cultural communication.

The English equivalent of “副” is “vice”, “deputy” and “associate”, Among them, ______ is often used together with president, chairman, governor, etc.

When we say that language is systematic, we mean that language is ______ governed.

The differences between American English and British English are mainly ______ in nature.

If the sentences in a text exhibit cohesion, they are connected by ______ means.

What is the meaning of the gesture “touching or pointing to one’s own nose by raised thumb” in western culture? 

In the sentence “She’d taken a blue fit if she’d known her son was out in a boat alone.”, the meaning of “a blue fit” is ______.

Which of the following expressions are examples of allusions from history? 

To sound modest and humble was vital to the ancient Chinese people, one might call his son as ______. 

Morphemes can be classified into ______ morphemes. 

If you want to gain the attention of a stranger, you may say“______”. 

The uncontrollable shaking of our knees and trembling of our hands when we are experiencing fear are examples of ______.

The social circumstance of language use includes at least ______. 

In its narrow sense, culture is called ______. 

The distance zone ranging from 4 to about 8 feet is referred to as the ______ zone. 

To avoid ambiguity, ______ are seldom used in English documents. 

Mars is the Roman god of ______. 

What is the logical relation of the sentences below? 

I was not informed. Otherwise I should have taken some action.

When hearers, topics and environments change, the speakers’ speaking styles vary. There are 5 different styles: frozen, formal, consultative, casual and intimate. Which of the following statements is intimate style? 

In English culture familiarity is highly valued. Suppose you are an American university professor, if you want to enjoy a harmonious relationship with your colleagues, you’d better allow yourself to be called ______.

Which of the statements is NOT true? 

“To be very careful and correct in one’s behaviour” is synonymous to ______.

In the sentence “He’s merely parroting what many others have said”, the word “parroting” refers to ______.

The phrasal verb “look into” corresponds in meaning to the single word ______.

“To make a cat laugh” means ______. 

In China, when a visit is over and the guest is seen to the door, the host most probably may say “请走好”. The English equivalent of such utterance is “ ______”.

Although English and Chinese are both SVO languages, the two sentences below show that there are differences in ______. 

—Shanghai is one of the largest cities in the world.

—上海是世界上最大的城市之一。

There are weapon names both in English and Chinese. An American father names his son as Brenda. Similarly, a Chinese father may name his son as ______.

When you say someone is a busybody, you mean that he is a ______ person. 

How many sentences below have hypotactic relations? 

Bread and butter is my usual breakfast.

He bought bread, butter, milk, etc.

I’ll join you if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.

I think it will rain tomorrow.

The first week day after Christmas is called ______ when presents are traditionally given to dustmen, postmen and a few other public servants. 

The fact that the same object is called a “table” in English and a “桌子” in Chinese shows that language is ______.

All languages have kinship terms and distinguish characteristics in relatives. For example, “grandmother” versus “mother” distinguish generation, and “母亲” versus “婆婆”distinguish blood relationship. Then what characteristic does “mother” versus “father” distinguish?