语言与文化自考2010年10月真题及答案解析

What cross-cultural differences can you find between English and Chinese thanks?

What are the topics that are considered by English speakers too personal to talk about?

谋事在人，成事在天。

他壮得像头牛。

请不要挂电话。

If there is any inappropriacy in my manuscript, please feel free to change it.

Strike while the iron is hot.

Please give us your comments.

How do speakers of English view dogs?

What is the definition of the word ADVERTISING?

What does the short term EST stand for?

The word in American English for “电梯” is _________.

Why do we say that culture is a historical phenomenon?

In English _________ is often used metaphorically to refer to a formidably fierce, cruel person, especially a woman.

Terms of humility are used to show the speaker’s _________.

Text refers to any piece of spoken or written language, which expresses a complete _________.

Usually the person who answers the telephone ends the conversation over the _________ with “Thank you for calling”.

A _________ is a brief familiar maxim of folk wisdom, usually compressed in form, often involving a bold image and frequently a jingle that catches the memory.

In business English, “in the _________” is equivalent to running a business profitably.

The kinship terms “grandfather”, “grandmother”, “grandson”, “granddaughter” and others show that the distinction between _________ and maternal relatives is often ignored in English.

Relative clauses in English are called _________ when modification and word order are discussed.

People now generally agree that language, culture and thought _________, each influencing and shaping the other two.

Which of the following brand names are named after their designers or manufacturers?

• A.Chanel
• B.Salem
• C.Rolex
• D.Ford

In English-speaking countries, ______ are frequently advertised.

• A.medicines
• B.domestic service
• C.sexual service
• D.cigarette

A Chinese shows respect not only to a superior as his interlocutor. He uses honofifics to refer to his superior ______.

• A.when his superior is present
• B.when his superior is not present
• C.when his superior knows he is mentioned
• D.when his superior does not know he is mentioned

If the sentences in a text are connected by ______ means, we say that they exhibit cohesion.

• A.grammatical
• B.phonetic
• C.lexical
• D.meaningless

The red colour is usually associated with ______ in both English speaking countries and China.

• A.purity
• B.envy
• C.celebrations
• D.joyful occasions

English has kinship terms and distinguishes some characteristics in relatives, including ______.

• A.blood relationship
• B.seniority
• C.generation
• D.sex

Which of the following proverbs are related to navigation?

• A.Great men are not always wise.
• B.An Englishman’s house is his castle.
• C.Many drops of water will sink the ship.
• D.The good seaman is known in bad weather.

An American professor has prepared a letter of recommendation for his student, and his student is expected to say “______”.

• A.Thank you very much
• B.I feel so sorry that it has taken you so much time
• C.I feel so sorry that it has caused you so much trouble
• D.I really appreciate your help

In English culture the general rule is to introduce ______.

• A.a young person to an older one
• B.a man to a woman
• C.an inferior to a superior
• D.the host to the guest

God, as an interjection, can be used to express ______.

• A.satisfaction
• B.impatience
• C.doubt
• D.hesitation

The word in British English for “电车” is ______.

• A.motor car
• B.engine
• C.tram
• D.tube

All the planets in solar system EXCEPT ______ got their names from Greeo-Roman mythology.

• A.Earth
• B.Mars
• C.Jupiter
• D.Pluto

British English is spoken in ______.

• A.Great Britain
• B.Australia
• C.New Zealand
• D.All of the above

Venus is the Roman god of ______.

• A.the departed spirits
• B.agriculture
• C.beauty and love
• D.the sea

John does well in school. Furthermore, he takes an active part in the social work. The logical relationship between the above sentences is ______.

• A.additive
• B.adversative
• C.causal
• D.temporal

In English letters, the date is put ______.

• A.at the top right corner
• B.below the receiver's address
• C.at the upper left corner
• D.above the signature

In the United States, the black people are often referred to as ______ in which the colour of their skin that caused them troubles and sufferings is NOT mentioned in English euphemisms.

• A.niggers
• B.negroes
• C.the black
• D.African Americans

“黑面包” can be translated into_______.

• A.brown bread
• B.dark bread
• C.black bread
• D.red bread

Honorifics are defined by Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary as a class of grammatical forms used in speaking to or about a social ______.

• A.inferior
• B.superior
• C.equal
• D.equivalent

______ is a direct comparison between two or more unlike things, normally introduced by "like" or "as".

• A.A metaphor
• B.A proverb
• C.A simile
• D.An idiom

______ are implied or indirect references.

• A.Nonverbal signs
• B.Idioms
• C.Allusions
• D.Phrasal verbs

The proverb “God help those who help themselves” is related to ______.

• A.Christianity
• B.literary works
• C.geography
• D.navigation

______ are used to address others to draw their attention.

• A.Responses
• B.Vocatives
• C.Farewells
• D.Introductions

Which of the following is used when one fails to catch what the speaker has said?

• A.Excuse me.
• B.I’m sorry.
• C.Keep nodding.
• D.I beg your pardon.

______ is a ship in which a group of British Puritans sailed to America in 1620.

• A.The Revolutionary War
• B.Christmas Rose
• C.Cowboy
• D.The May Flower

The word “for” in “it must be snowing, for it is so bright outside.” shows that English is a(n) ______ language.

• A.object prominent
• B.hypotactic
• C.SOV
• D.analytic

“He graduated from English Department, Beijing University.” illustrates the fact that English differs from Chinese in ______.

• A.branching sentence pattems
• B.paratactic relations
• C.word order
• D.number and case

______ meaning is communicated when the feelings or attitudes of language users are expressed.

• A.Affective
• B.Reflected
• C.Collocative
• D.Conceptual

In its narrow sense “culture” can be defined as ______ of a population.

• A.concepts
• B.lifeway
• C.behavioural patterns
• D.social institutions

Language is ______ in that it is rule governed.

• A.arbitrary
• B.vocal
• C.systematic
• D.human